Huntingtons Disease Media Critique free essay sample

Media Critique of Huntington’s Disease There are a lot of different books, movies and TV shows that portray neuropsychological disorders. The popular show House M. D. showed the audience so many cases of different diseases that give an interesting knowledge to the viewers. Sometimes it is real life cases, but most of the time it is imagination of the screenwriters. Each episode is different and was not focused for a long time on one specific disease except Huntington’s. Dr. Hadley (Olivia Wild) or better known as Thirteen one of the main characters in the show was diagnosed with HD.While watching the show the audience could better understand Thirteen’s situation and it gives them better idea of the disease and what is following after. There are lots of different diseases in the world. Many of them are treatable, but there are still some sicknesses that cannot be cured and one of them is Huntington’s disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Huntingtons Disease Media Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the show House M. D. Dr. Remy Hadley (Olivia Wild) suffers from Huntington’s disease. She is the part of the diagnostic team under the guidance of Gregory House. Thirteen is  the most mysterious  character in his  team, but as time goes  House  reveals her secrets.Thirteen suffers from a genetic condition called Huntingtons disease. Her  mother died of  HD and later on Remy euthanized her brother who suffered from the same illness. Thirteen did not know if she inherited the gene for a long time and non-acquaintance made her brave to do things she thought she could not do. House got Remy’s DNA test for Huntington’s, but she did not want to see it. She was afraid to know the truth, but later on she did the test again and found out that the result for the test come out positive. In Season Five, Remy accepted that she has the disease and her colleagues were aware of her problems. Dr. Hadley showed self-destructive behavior and took unnecessary risks after she found out about her sickness. In the â€Å"Last Resort†, Thirteen agrees to be used as guinea pig for a patient to prevent him for being sedated by the medications that were given to treat him. She injected herself with every drug that was given to the patient to calm him down. And she showed that they would not give him a sedative. House realized that Remy is trying to take control over her feelings, but her fears are took over and she was going to kill herself. It is only at the end when she is near complete kidney failure from the drug overdoses that she realizes she wants to live and refuses to take the last drug, which most likely would have killed her. † (http://house. wikia. com/wiki/Remy_Hadley) Remy took her feelings under control and she decided to be a part of Huntington’s drugs trial. Thirteen was treated by medications in the House M. D. episode Painless, but later on she found out that she was given placebo. Remy also met a lady who also suffers from HD, but she was in her last stages. The doctor would examine a patient and perform a physical exam and also neurological exam to see if a patient has a signs of dementia, abnormal movements and reflexes, hesitant speech or poor enunciation. (http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001775/) Huntington’s evolves and does not have a cure, but some of the medications can help to slow down the symptoms. Some of the drugs may have side effects that worsen other symptoms. Many of those who have a disease at the last stages commit suicide, because they could not live without things like thinking, moving, and talking.Those who chose to fight for their life trying to do whatever they can to stay alive. Current treatments can only help the symptoms, but there is always a hope that further researches bring an effective cure to those who fight for life. I believe that the show House M. D. has a small amount of information about Huntington’s disease. The viewers could not fully understand what is HD and why everybody so worried about it. The show just gave the audience a story about a woman with a bad heredity. Also it brought the topic of the death. People know they would die one day, but no

Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money Essay Example

Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money Essay Example Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money Essay Social Policy Essays Community Poker Money Essay which itself was a descendent from the German card game ‘pochen’ and it has besides been cited that the English game crow had some influence, though that itself was clearly taken from the Gallic game ‘brelan’ . It has besides been considered that the Irish card game ‘poca’ had a peculiarly big predomination over what it is we play today. However it is non merely Europe that can claim celebrity for the now enormously popular hybrid, America besides has rights as it has been stated that around 1830 the frontier innovators were already playing a game really similar to the modern twenty-four hours equivalent of fire hook, it was particularly popular on the Mississippi river boats, where gaming was considered a past clip. It is besides the American’s who made the game so huge and widespread, praise acclaiming from the US military for its dispersion of the game across Asia. However the beginning of the playing card, although they have changed dramatically are said to hold come into being in China around 1120 AD. However the cards that we are more familiar with today are of Gallic beginning, with a sociological category turn. The four suits are said to picture the four categories of work forces, spades peers aristocracy, diamonds peers merchandisers, nines equals provincials and Black Marias equals the clergy. Poker has besides had more of an impact on people’s lives than they know, even without playing or cognizing about the game, the life style and nomenclature that revolves around the game is now portion of mundane life. Phrases that most people use even without believing about it frequently originate from fire hook, for illustration. It is non merely in fire hook that people talk about a ‘poker face’ or how frequently have you heard the phrase ‘got an one up my sleeve’ or ‘let’s up the ante’ , these all originate from fire hook and they are merely a choice few from 100s. Poker in the last five to ten old ages has undergone a immense draw over of involvement. From what one time was a reasonably quiet community, largely popular with older work forces playing ‘home games’of fire hook, it has radicalised and turned into a worldwide phenomenon pulling in over 100 million people worldwide. There are now poker telecasting shows, fire hook related vesture, 100s of fire hook on-line cyberspace webs for playing online and the chief competition for fire hook, known as the WSOP ( World Series of Poker ) went from holding 839 entrants in the chief event of No Limit Texas Hold’em in 2003 to holding 8,773 in 2006, a immense sedimentation in the infinite of three old ages, with the victor gaining over a million dollars in award money. One of the chief grounds why fire hook has become so unbelievably popular in such a short sum of clip has to be due to the undeniable handiness of it today. Both the monolithic addition in the engineering provided in agencies of the Internet but besides telecasting. Poker has become about a standard family telecasting show since the innovation of the new fire hook tabular arraies. The new tabular arraies have glass panels in the tabular array positioned where each participant sits ; under these panels are little cameras. The thought so is that for each manus of fire hook played the camera can see and relay back to the telecasting what manus it is that each participant holds. This may sound simple, and it is, but it works surprisingly good, and creates another dimension to watching fire hook instead than take parting. Basically this engineering means that you can see the true kineticss of all the custodies and understand the action a batch better, as it unfolds. It has publicised and revolutionised fire hook in a telecasting sphere that it now is the 3rd most watched athletics on overseas telegram telecasting in the United States of America. Third merely to auto racing and American football ( NFL ) severally, but even trumping the extremely acclaimed hoops conference, the NBA ( National Basketball Association ) . There are even several fire hook channels, dedicated to merely demoing fire hook action round the clock across the USA and Europe. Though of class this is merely one of many progresss in engineering that has progressed and infiltrated fire hook into our mundane lives, another medium is of class, the immense impact of the Internet which has evidently had huge impacts on the fire hook universe. The on-line fire hook economic system has neer been flusher and does by far possess the largest part of the on-line chancing market, which last twelvemonth was reported to hold had worldwide grosss in surplus of $ 15 billion in 2006, estimated to lift to around $ 2 0 billion this twelvemonth. Poker has even branched out into reasonably improbable mediums such as wireless, where it really works apparently good. An illustration of the influence the Internet has had in the fire hook universe has been demonstrated several times over the past few old ages, though most unforgettably nevertheless in 2003 where a center aged, competently named adult male won the World Series of Poker. Chris Moneymaker found his manner into the much coveted tourney, that normally incurs a $ 10,000 buy-in. However for merely $ 39 on an on-line fire hook web site, PokerStars online card room, Moneymaker managed to last right to the terminal and turned his $ 39 into $ 2.5 million, all from playing at place on the cyberspace. In fact many people have credited the fire hook roar to Moneymaker, as he was the first individual to portray the pipe dream that so many people had. More late nevertheless, there has been a more amazing effort in the fire hook universe, in the 2007 W SOP the much heralded expansive award victor was non one of the all clip celebrated professionals that has played fire hook for the past 25 old ages of their life but a 19 twelvemonth old Scandinavian miss called Annette Obrestad. As if those few inside informations weren’t perplexing plenty, this tourney was besides the first clip that she had played unrecorded fire hook, up against some of the greatest participants of all clip, and directing them place with nil but a narrative. However it must be noted that it was non without accomplishment, Annette who won a cheerful $ 2 million at the tourney, although non holding any old experience of unrecorded fire hook did hold net incomes of up to $ 800,000 in on-line fire hook tourneies. However the recognition must travel to the immature Scandinavian, whose win has been stated as a â€Å"startling milestone† . Professional fire hook participant Howard Lederer, besides known as ‘the professor’ commented on the ha ndiness of fire hook today as: â€Å"When I started out it took old ages of difficult swot at the tabular array to acquire good. Now the acquisition curve is much steeper† . It is frequently said in fire hook that while Texas Hold’em, the most popular version of fire hook today, may take merely proceedingss to larn, but it takes a life-time to maestro. However it did non all used to be such a glam past clip. Indeed non so long ago fire hook as a profession was looked down upon, even one of the greatest all clip fire hook participants to day of the month Daniel Negreanu joked that for some old ages his female parent ever told people he was an comptroller. However, evidently as the fire hook roar has taken the universe by storm even America’s Department of Labour has given poker a ‘thumbs up’ in the component of accomplishment that is involved, by last twelvemonth recognizing ‘professional fire hook player’ as an official business. This b eing so due to the component of accomplishment that is involved, although the Courts still view fire hook as a game of opportunity, which has obvious deductions. The accomplishment versus opportunity argument is an old one, with many people shacking with each side, and even as the professional fire hook participant Howard Lederer concedes it is so difficult to reason that a professional will prevail over an amateur in any given manus. However there is plentifulness of converting grounds that in the long tally, accomplishment will predominate and the professional will win. Lederer believes that the accomplishment is in the betting, which is compounded with the grounds that you can win without keeping the best manus, the common bluff. The instance that accomplishment in the long tally will predominate is besides obviously made deliberately clear in the aforesaid movie ‘Rounders’ . On the chief character being questioned as to why he plays this game, when it clearly has ca rdinal engagement with your fiscal state of affairss, his reply is one frequently heard around the card tabular array today. He is asked the inquiry by his girlfriend who evidently is worried about chancing and losing money, particularly as at the start of the movie the chief character loses all his money in one manus of No Limit Texas Hold’em. The rejoinder is this ; â€Å"Why does this still seem like chancing to you? Why do you believe the same five cats make it to the concluding tabular array of the World Series of Poker every twelvemonth? What are they, the luckiest cat in Las Vegas? It’s a accomplishment game.† This is a clear message to the spectator but non so subtly delivered. Another all clip great fire hook participant, Thomas Austin Preston, or better known as Amarillo Slim takes a similar stance to that of all professional fire hook participants and besides believes that accomplishment will predominate, but decides that it is a good thing that the skill factor can be limited at times to pure opportunity and fortune, he explains in his autobiography, ‘Amarillo Slim in a universe full of fat people’ that ; â€Å"All you can make is do the dramas that have a per centum of success and set yourself in a place to win. But that doesn’t mean that if you start with AA and your opposition starts with 22 that he isn’t traveling to crush you sometimes. If that were the instance, you wouldn’t be able to acquire them chumps to maintain coming back. In the long tally, accomplishment will prevail.† What some professional fire hook participants will hold on, likely, is that there is a certain sum of short-run fortune involved in fire hook, as Amarillo Slim provinces ; â€Å"It’s non like cheat, where the best participants win all the clip. In fact, at the 2002 World Series of Poker, of the 631 entries, there were 13 former universe title-holders, including me and Doyle ( Brunson ) , and non one made it to the concluding 45 participants. If that doesn’t state you that there’s short-run fortune in fire hook ( the tourney merely lasts five yearss ) , so I don’t cognize what does.† An easy manner to explicate why this is so can be shown through the simpleness of tossing a coin, the same as how Goffman explains ‘strategic interactionism’ in his reader ‘Where The Action Is’ . A construct that you must invariably see is that statistics do non ever have a practical application to human life, they are non ever pertinent. It becomes more clear when you think that the theory of chance becomes more meaningful the more times you participate in a game of opportunity. If you are merely covering with a little figure of tests so your consequences a prone to being slightly erroneous. So when tossing a coin, if you flip it twice, so the general premise is that it will set down caputs one time and tails one time, nevertheless the truth is that the consequences are more complicated than this. The tabular array below shows the results: Consequence Probability of Result HH 25 % Terrestrial time 25 % HT 25 % Thursday 25 % To happen out the opportunities of a assorted consequence ( HT or TH ) you merely add the two chances together. As you can see the tabular array indicates that you are merely every bit likely to set down on a assorted consequence than you are non-mixed. Each holding a even opportunity of happening. However if we now double the sum of times the coin is flipped, we can see that the odds of a even consequence alteration. Consequences Probability of Result HHHH 6.25 % HHHT 6.25 % HHTH 6.25 % HHTT 6.25 % HTHH 6.25 % HTHT 6.25 % HTTH 6.25 % HTTT 6.25 % THHH 6.25 % THHT 6.25 % THTH 6.25 % THTT 6.25 % TTHH 6.25 % TTHT 6.25 % TTTH 6.25 % TTTT 6.25 % The manner that they have changed is that the odds of now acquiring a even consequence have really fallen to 37.5 % , but, and this is highly of import, the opportunities of acquiring a consequence closer to the expected result, being even, have in fact greatly increased. In the first test the odds at acquiring all caputs or all dress suits were even money, nevertheless when the tests are doubled, those odds fall to 12.5 % . Below are the consequences of a test of a coin being flipped 50 times: TTHHHTHTHHHHTHTHHHHHTTH TTTHTHTTTTHHTHHTTTTHHHTTHTT Here there are 25 caputs and 25 dress suits, a perfect consequence, but had we merely flipped the coin twice we would hold got an untrue consequence of two dress suits. Besides, out of the first 20 somersaults, 14s were caputs. If you spent your whole life tossing a coin, you would happen that it landed on caputs 50 per centum of the clip, toss it merely twice nevertheless and you have merely a one in two opportunity at geting at the same consequence. Basically this demonstrates that the more opportunities you take, and the more custodies you play, the more likely it is that the Numberss will keep true, but in a short period, anything can go on. So has fire hook had the last of its bad imperativeness? Well non wholly, although some people have been inexorable that all along fire hook should be embraced, even the universe celebrated literary icon Mark Twain one time said: There are few things that are so inexcusably neglected in our state as poker†¦it is adequate to do one ashamed of one’s species† . Possibly this is slightly of a strong, possibly excessively combative, but however depicts the frame of head that some people do hold about the game. Poker is a wondrous infective game, a fact that non many people understand why this is. If you think about the signifier of fire hook at its simplest degree, with two people playing against each other with no 3rd party intercession like a casino to take any net income so the game is one of a zero-sum nature, when one participant loses another additions, simple. However fire hook has a batch to make with chance and when you add this into the cocktail so there are some really interesting results. Technically if two people were to play against each other, once more with no intercession, and drama for infinity so the Torahs of chance province that both participants will finally have the same custodies, in the same state of affairss, the same sum of times. This being so so the additions and losingss will equilibrate out therefore organizing equilibrium. So, how do you do money from playing fire hook so? The reply is where the art of fire hook is introduced, if you can out believe and out smart your opposition and drama with a better scheme than him so you will win. As the journalist Andy Bellin provinces: â€Å"Claiming a pot when you have the best cards isn’t plenty to do you a winning participant. Remember, there is no expansive wage graduated table for keeping the best hand†¦some chump has to pay you off. You have to maximize net incomes through craft and understanding, eke out every last dollar that your competition is willing to lose to you, and when you don’t holding the winning cards, flee every bit fast as possible† . First, it is of primary importance to see the work of Erving Goffman, most normally known for his work in symbolic interactionism and for his widely acclaimed work ‘The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life’ . The work that is of rule importance by Goffman in concurrence with fire hook is his work on ‘strategic interaction’in peculiar his combined essays that formed his findings on chancing which he subsequently called ‘Where the Action Is’ . Often included in chancing readers and besides referenced to the sociology of hazard within chancing. Goffman sculpts a clear and definite word picture of the true logistics behind gaming by utilizing a simple platform of fliping a coin. Although simple, this theoretical account consists of all the qualities that chancing, in all its signifiers, holds imperative to the game. This works for fire hook as both a scientific discipline and a doctrine. If you toss a coin the opportunities of it being caputs is ev en. But the inquiry is will it? The scientific nature of fire hook is to understand the chance, which is clearly derived from mathematics and scientific discipline, but accepting this theory would ever look to fall down to faith. The nature of the statement is that chance theory is merely an ever-present phenomenon that governs all things related to opportunity. Although mathematicians can, and do, accept it they can non turn out it. The simple cape of the point is that anything that has a opportunity of go oning will at some phase go on. Despite the, what would look simpleness of ‘Where the Action Is’ it has even become non merely a nucleus text in this field of the societal scientific disciplines but besides as a cardinal rudimentss theory book for fire hook. Indeed one of the most outstanding fire hook phrases that is known worldwide is frequently associated with Goffman’s work, it was famously said by Karl ‘Papa’ Wallenda. The celebrated words merely one time uttered by the stuntman were: â€Å"Life is being on the wire, everything else is merely waiting† The phrase as aforementioned is limpidly known through fire hook circles and although has obvious intensions with Wallenda’s support, but it besides applies to poker, and is used in several chancing movies, most late in the critically acclaimed movie ‘Rounders’ . Throughout ‘Where the Action Is’ , Goffman continually analyses the difference between chancing and hazard with opportunity. There is ever traveling to be grounds of opportunity or ‘luck’ in any gambling game, including fire hook, which due to this argument there has been an of import focal point point on fire hook in recent old ages in the United States of America. Goffman assesses these differences and describes the intrinsic functionality of both. Goffman states ; â€Å"There are to be chancy state of affairss where relevant orders of humanly directed finding are involved by virtuousness of accomplishment, cognition, make bolding, doggedness, and so away. This, in fact, marks a important difference between games of ‘pure’ opportunity and what are called competitions: in the former, one time the finding is in drama, the participants can make nil but passively await the result ; in the latter, it is merely this period that requires intensive and sustained exercise of relevant capacities. None the less, it is still the instance that during competitions something of value to be staked comes up for finding ; in footings of the facts and frequently their perceptual experience as good, the intended and effectual influences are insufficiently influential to render the state of affairs unproblematic.† Goffman so breaks down the order of competitions into different stages, each of which has a different degree of the gamble associated within it. Goffman defines four stages. The first of which is thesquaring offstage, this stage is basically the bet-making stage, this is where the regulations of the gamble are drawn up and hold on to which the gamblers so pass, as Goffman unquestionably labelled it, the point of no return. The 2nd stage is thefinding stageotherwise known as the in-play stage. In fire hook this stage is the minute long continuance that it takes to cover all the cards to all, the participants, including the community cards. In this stage Goffman states that this is where â€Å"relevant causal forces actively and determinatively produce the outcome† . The following stage is known as thedisclosive stage,besides known as the revelatory stage is the clip between finding and ratting of the participants. As antecedently mentioned this stage is unquestionably brief, be ing the clip taken to cover the cards. The 4th and concluding stage is that of thecolony stage, this begins when the result has been disclosed and enduring until losingss have been paid up and profitss collected. The period required by participants to come on through the four stages has been labelled by Goffman as thespanof the drama. After analyzing the more basic basicss with his four stage theoretical account Goffman so moves on to a more elaborate analysis of chancing and what it consists of. Goffman reflects ; â€Å"a whole set of considerations may be involved: the graduated table of betting ; the length of the odds ( and whether he is giving them or acquiring them ) ; the brevity of the span of drama ; the littleness of the figure of dramas ; the rate of drama ; the per centum paid for playing ; the fluctuation of size sing awards associated with favorable results. Further, the comparative weight given each of these considerations will change markedly with the absolute value of each others.† As everyone is different the issues of character and personality are therefore included, as persons and groups have somewhat different, what Goffman labels â€Å"personal baselines† from which we measure chance and hazard. As Goffman high spots ; â€Å"A manner of life affecting much hazard may do the person to give small weight to a hazard that person else might happen forbidding.† The huge community of fire hook clearly assembles immense crowds from all over the universe. Choosing an event such as the World Series of Poker, where all different fire hook participants culminate to play against each other, shows how different each fire hook participant is. Even within smaller games, or ‘home’ games there is on show a immense array of difference non merely in fire hook ability and manner but besides category backgrounds, ethnicity and faith. The game of fire hook nevertheless requires, for you to even be marginally successful, a appreciation of a few simple regulations. These are non the playing regulations per Se but more the intrinsic nature of the game. Thought arousing thoughts such as, trust and honor. Peoples playing fire hook with one another have to measure each state of affairs and inquire themselves do they swear their resistance? Of class we are imitating trust within the game, non that the other participant is traveling to steal from you b ut are they bluffing? It is so frequently said that ‘Trust is the lubricator of Society’ and to swear person is to allow your guard down, and if there is something you don’t desire to make in fire hook it is so that. What I find interesting though is that all over the universe there are societal norms and even in different states globally there is the impression of ‘Natural Law’ , which dates back to the philosopher Aristotle, nevertheless it is most normally known by the elaborate focal point and reading that the medieval Christian doctrine of St Thomas Aquinas. Although the thought of ‘Natural Law’ today has slightly become a recessionary impression, chiefly due to the â€Å"mechanistic causation† that our society is comfy with, which is frequently portrayed this manner because we live in a post-Darwinian universe, and are accustomed to sing nature, in peculiar human nature. This anaesthetises us from, what we now view as out-of -date theoretical accounts of believing, such as holding a teleological position of the universe, as these positions are now deemed â€Å"quaintly prescientific† . Combined with the sociological thought of ‘Phenomenology’ in peculiar ‘Transcendental Phenomenology’ , which was a subdivision of phenomenology coined by Edmund Husserl, which basically explores â€Å"the brooding survey of the kernel of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view† and in peculiar in this subdivision of phenomenology is when what we experience is generalised to the indispensable characteristics of any given experience. An merger of these two could be more merely set in the function of what we call ‘social norms’ . ‘Social Norms’ are by manner of definition the â€Å"collective consciousness† of a community, or more merely put the shared values and ethical motives of society. The norms that we hold beloved and that are of indispensable value to our society evidently alteration with little, sometimes about unobtrusive niceties throughout different communities. It is here that I ask the inquiry, do these norms apply in the fire hook community when there are so many people from different backgrounds. Of class this is besides the instance in society, but the cardinal difference in society is that we are non viing against each other in the same manner that fire hook participants are. So do the fire hook participants let their intrinsic functionality of their lives change or even excite their fire hook, or is it possible that fire hook participants have, what I like to nam e a ‘Separated Performance’ degree which allows them to play with a neglect for their societal norms? This is an highly hard impression to seek and turn out or confute, as so many fire hook participants are different and within the game there are so many stereotypes. A more basic attack to this inquiry could be does the pecuniary value in fire hook alteration people and their norms. This can be easy broken down into two classs of fire hook participants, professionals and amateurs. Professionals seem to hold their ain fire hook norms that they uphold throughout their fire hook playing lives, which are cardinal to their game and if they didn’t have such a appreciation on these so fire hook, for a batch of people would non be every bit profitable as it is. Could an recreational participant truly topographic point anything up to ?1 million of their ain money into the pot on a card game, where they are non one hundred per centum positive that they will win? The reply is no. However, could a professional fire hook participant do the same, and the reply is about all the clip yes. The ground for this is the value of money that fire hook participants have. In the telecasting programme ‘High Stakes Poker’ ten professional fire hook participants play against each other in a hard currency game where some participants buy-in for $ 100,000 up to anything like $ 1 million, of their ain money. Many individual custodies of fire hook in this game can be dese rving up to $ 800,000 plus, which if you are non a fire hook participant is a batch of money, nevertheless to the participants it is merely the tool of the trade. Bibliography ‘Interactionism’ ; Paul Atkinson and William Housley, Sage publications 2003. ‘Amarillo Slim in a World full of fat people, the memoirs of the greatest gambler who of all time lived’ ; Thomas Austin Preston, Yellow Jersey Press 2003. ‘Communication in Face to Face Interaction’ ; A aggregation of selected readings edited by John Laver and Sandy Hutcheson, Penguin Modern Linguistics Readings, 1972. ‘Explaining Social Behaviour, More Nuts And Bolts For The Social Sciences’ ; Jon Elster, Cambridge University Press, 2007. ‘The Sociology of Risk and Gambling Reader’ ; selected readers, edited by James F. Cosgrave, Routledge, 2006. ‘Caro’s Book of Poker Tells, The Psychology And Body Language of Poker’ , Mike Caro, Cardoza Publishing, 2003. ‘The Economist’ December 22neodymium2007 – January 4Thursday2008 edition, chiefly pages 31 – 36. ‘Insider Secrets to playing Texas Hold’em Poker Online’ , Theo Cage, 2004, merely available as an online download. ‘Philosophy of Law’ , Jeffrie G. Murphy and Jules L. Coleman, Westview Press, 1990. ‘The Concept of Law’ , H.L.A. Hart, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1994. The Texas Hold’em Dictionary. Action The sum of money wagered by a participant during a playing session. In fire hook, the placing of money into the pot. Active One who is still in the pot. Anchor The participant sitting in the last place at a fire hook tabular array before the trader. This is the individual who makes the concluding determination, thereby grounding the game. Ante A term normally used in fire hook to mention to the first money wagered on a manus, or the minimal sum that each participant is required to set into the pot before a new manus can get down. ( Besides see Blind Bet ) Backdoor Flowers: Even worse than the gutshot is the back door Flush. This is when you need two perfect cards of the same suit to complete your manus. ( Besides see ‘Gutshot’ ) Bankroll The entire sum of money a participant has for a gambling session. Belly Buster A draw to make full an interior heterosexual, besides known as a gutshot . Bet A bet or gamble. Beting Limits The lower limit and upper limit that can be wagered on one stake. Large Slick – A pocket manus of Ace-King, normally suited. Blind Bet A stake that certain fire hook participants are required to do as a consequence of their dissipated place. Bluff In fire hook, participants bluff when raising a weak manus in the hope of coercing out participants with a stronger manus. Bump To raise. Burn Card Any card placed in the discard rack without being entered into drama. After the deck is shuffled and cut, one card is burned. Chips Tokens used at bet oning tabular arraies in stead of hard currency. Chop To return the blinds to the participants who posted them and travel on to the following manus if cipher calls the blind. Cold A participant on a losing run Complete Hand A fire hook manus that is defined by all five cards. That is a consecutive, flush, consecutive flower, or a full house. Cut – When the trader divides the deck of cards into two parts and so inverts them after they have been shuffled. Dealer A casino employee who deals the assorted games. Drop Box On a gambling tabular array, the box that serves as a depository for hard currency, markers, and french friess. Edge The casino s advantage over the participant in any game. Besides known as house border. Face Cards The King, Queen or Jack of each suit. Flush A manus dwelling of five cards of one suit. Fold When a participant declines a stake and drops out of the manus. Four Of A Kind Four cards of the same rank. Besides known as quads. Full House A manus dwelling of a three of a sort and a brace. Gutshots A gutshot is a consecutive draw where merely one card makes your manus. Hand Refers to the cards that you hold, or to everything that happens in a card game between shufflings of the deck. Limp In- To come in the unit of ammunition by naming a stake, instead than raising. Maverick Get downing manus of Queen- Jack. Odds Ratio of chances or the sum a stake wage. Pair Any two cards that have the same rank. Generally, braces can be split and played as two custodies. Pass To non wager, to turn up. Pocket Rockets A brace of Ones in the hole. Pot The sum of money that accumulates in the center of the tabular array as each participant antes, stakes, and raises. The pot goes to the victor of the manus. Raise A participant raises by fiting the old stake and so wagering more, to increase the interest for staying participants. Rake The money that the casino charges for each manus of fire hook. It is normally a per centum ( 5-10 % ) or level fee that is taken from the pot after each unit of ammunition of betting. Rainbow Three of four cards of different suits. Rank The worth of a set of cards. Rounder A professional participant who makes the unit of ammunitions of the large fire hook games in the state. Royal Flush An Ace-high consecutive flower ; the best possible manus. Singleton A card that is the lone one of its rank. Smooth Call -To call, instead than raise, an opposition s stake. Steal To win the pot by bluffing. Straight In fire hook, a manus dwelling of five cards of back-to-back ranks. Straight Flush A manus dwelling of five cards of back-to-back ranks of the same suit. Tells A Tell in fire hook is when you pick up on the behaviour of another participant that gives you a strong sense of the strength or failing of their manus. Three Of A Kind Three cards of the same rank. Throwing a Party When several free or recreational participants are doing important pecuniary parts to the pot. Trips Three of a sort. Two Pair A manus dwelling of two sets of braces and a singleton. Under the Gun First to wager. Whale A high roller. Hand rankings in Texas Hold’em Poker. For the possibilities or ‘odds’ of acquiring these custodies please see figure 1 below. Royal Flush An Ace-High heterosexual of one suit. This is the best manus in Texas Hold’em, though your opportunities of acquiring this are Straight Flush A heterosexual of wholly one suit. Four-of-a-Kind ( Quads ) Four cards of the same rank. Full House ( Full Boat, Boat ) Three-of-a-kind and a brace. The illustration below would be called Queens over Aces or Queens full of Aces . Flush Five cards of the same suit. Straight ( Run ) Five cards of consecutive rank. Note that in Texas Hold’em, Aces can be high or low. An illustration of a consecutive where the Ace is low: Three-of-a-Kind ( Trips, Set ) – Three cards of the same rank. Two Pair – Two cards of the same rank and another two cards of the same rank. The illustration below would be called â€Å"Jacks and Twos† . One Pair – Two cards of the same rank. High Card – When you don’t have any of the above, your highest card determines your manus. The illustration below would be â€Å"King High† or â€Å"High card King† . Fig.1 Texas Hold’em Poker manus odds POKER HAND POSSIBLES ODDS Royal Flush 4.0000015391 Other Straight Flush 36.0000138517 Four of a sort 624.0002400960 Full House 3,744.0014405762 Flush 5,108.0019654015 Directly 10,200.0039246468 Three of a sort 54,912.0211284514 Two Pairs 123,552.0475390156 One Pair 1,098,240.4225690276 Nothing 1,302,540.5011773940 Entire 2,598,960 1.0000000000 Interesting Poker trifle. The four male monarchs used in today’s fire hook playing cards are really based on historical figures. King Of Spades= David, King of Israel King Of Clubs= Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia King Of Diamonds= Caesar Augustus, Emperor of Rome King Of Hearts= King Charlemagne, King of France. The playing card suits originated in France and are said to stand for the four categories of work forces. Spades peers aristocracy, Diamonds, merchandisers, Clubs, provincials, and Hearts the clergy. The 52 cards of the ordinary playing deck are said to typify the 52 hebdomads of the twelvemonth. It is besides thought that the 4 suits relate to the 4 seasons: Spades = Winter Clubs = Spring Hearts = Summer Diamonds = Autumn When Columbus landed on U.S. shores in 1492, his work forces took broad foliages from trees, marked them with images, and so played cards. You can non hold a heterosexual in fire hook without holding either a 5 or a 10 in your manus. Statisticss indicate that some 70 million standard decks of playing cards are sold every individual twelvemonth! President Richard Nixon was besides known for his fire hook wonts, utilizing a big amount of money that he won in a fire hook game to fund his first run for Congress! After winning a cool six expansive playing fire hook with his Navy equals ; Nixon won his manner into office with his large fire hook profitss. Richard Nixon was non the merely celebrated individual to be noted to play fire hook. Groucho Marx earned his name from his fire hook playing inclinations. Groucho Marx used to have on a grouch bag around his cervix all the clip. What was in that grouch bag? That’s right his fire hook money! John Mantagu, the Earl of Sandwich was besides a monolithic fire hook partisan. Mantagu venerated the game of fire hook, so much so that he would frequently prosecute in hours of gambling and would really decline to go forth the tabular arraies to eat. His solution? He would hold person serve him bread and meat. So, non merely do we hold the Earl of Sandwich to thank for our lunch period front-runners, but we besides owe the game of fire hook a testimonial for the sandwich.

American Government - Bush Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Government - Bush - Essay Example He receives the same treatment as would any other major political figure who is prone to take a rigid stand on an issue, the same as any political figure who arrogantly believes that it is his way or the highway. McCain’s amendment passed in the House by a 99 to 9 vote. It was so substantial, albeit Bush was opposed, he was left with no other option except to sign the amendment. In his own recalcitrant demeanor, at the signing ceremony, President stated; In a manner consistent with the constitutional authority of the President to supervise the unitary executive branch and as a commander in chief and consistent with the constitutional limitations on the judicial power, which will assist in achieving the shared objective†¦of protecting the American people from further terrorist attacks. (Bush LA Times) One does not have to project a personal bias when the principle puts forth statements such as the above quote from President Bush. He lets it be known that he begrudgingly af fixes his signature to the amendment. But even though he is compelled to sign it, he will encourage and approve disobedience when he deems it necessary. While scanning the LA Times I came across another article on Bush, which was written by a writer from the Washington Post. I felt compelled to draw a parallel between the two writers and the two papers. The piece from the Washington Post was laid out in an objective manner with all of the facts and a minimum amount of editorializing. Specifically, it was titled â€Å"Port Deal to Have a Broader View†. ... He receives the same treatment as would any other major political figure who is prone to take a rigid stand on an issue, the same as any political figure who arrogantly believes that it is his way or the highway. McCain's amendment passed in the house by a 99 to 9 vote. It was so substantial, albeit Bush was opposed, he was left with no other option except to sign the amendment. In his own recalcitrant demeanor, at the signing ceremony, President stated; In a manner consistent with the constitutional authority of the president to supervisethe unitary executive branch and as a commander in chief and consistent with theconstitutional limitations on the judicial power, which will assist in achieving theshared objectiveof protecting the American people from further terroristsattacks. (Bush LA Times) One does not have to project a personal bias when the principle puts forth statements such as the above quote from President Bush. He lets it be known that he begrudgingly affixes his signature to the amendment. But even though he is compelled to sign it, he will encourage and approve disobedience when he deems it necessary. While scanning the LA Times I came across another article on Bush, which was written by a writer from the Washington Post. I felt compelled to draw a parallel between the two writers and the two papers. The piece from the Washington Post was laid out in an objective manner with all of the facts and a minimum amount of3 editorializing. Specifically

Televisions Grip on the Mind of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Televisions Grip on the Mind of America - Essay Example Neil Postman rightly identifies the iron grip that the television has on minds throughout American society. Perhaps the fundamental reason for television's power is the way in which it has given "an exquisite and dangerous perfection" to the "epistemological biases of the telegraph and instancy." The telegraph brought bits of information directly to the consumer, without giving that information any sort of context, any sort of reason why that information was significant. The significance was in the novelty, or in the entertainment value. The instancy of the photograph relieves the mind of having to imagine, or even having to pay a lot of attention. An idea can be summarized, remembered, ingrained in the form of a picture. Combining the two, making a slogan with a picture, simultaneously places an idea an image in the mind. This increases the power of the idea, and gives a visual source of memory associated with that idea for the mind to clutch tightly. Another characteristic of television concomitant to this simultaneity of thought and vision is the power of speed. The telegraph took the "line-by-line, sequential, continuous form of the printed page" and reduced it to a "world of fragments and discontinuities." The photograph takes a reality that can present ideas to the mind and reduces them down to particular examples.

Project Manager to develop a project plan for 4. A fund raising event Assignment

Project Manager to develop a project plan for 4. A fund raising event in Singapore for a charity organization - Assignment Example The scope of this project is to raise funds to these charity organizations. So far we have raised a total of five hundred thousand US dollars ant the estimated cost of constructing the accommodation house is one million US dollar. The money comes from grants from the governments and organizations small business and individuals (Murthy & Mohle, 2001, pp. 123-189). Moreover, public members contributes funds via reaching out to the individual members of the public either through house to house visits; soliciting in streets; an appeal made through the telephone or the media such as the Internet and newspapers; appeal letters by post; or approaching potential donors with a formal proposal. Fundraising have organized within community places. The technical requirements for this project includes expertise in building and construction , quantity surveyors, financial professional accountants who will give how these funds are going to be used. Fundraising will entail putting up a complete accommodation house with associated furniture, beddings but excluding provision of services by the mother organization. For fund-raising appeal to door-to-door assortment or lobbying within the public homes, and Street Gathering Permit ought to be attained from corresponding Police (Murthy & Mohle, 2001, pp. 123-189). A license is never required if it is a private collection that is confined to friends or relatives, appeals made through the telephone or the media such as the Internet and newspapers, appeal letters by post or approaching individual donors. There exist particular permits an individual ought to apply for the pertinent organizations in case an individual is undertaking a fund collection event within the public premises. For any assembly comprising five individuals or more within any public premise to broadcast a basis and campaign, a manager require to apply for the permit from the Singapore

Story Titled The Kidnapping English Literature Essay

Story Titled The Kidnapping English Literature Essay It was a wonderful morning. There were bees buzzing outside the yard and birds chirping while looking for food on the paths. Across the street, Old Misses Ling as usual was taking her pet, sniffles for a walk. She was a friendly old lady where everyone was fond of her and even called her an amiable person. Most of the neighbourhood will seek her to baby sit their children as she was very fond of kids. Through the window of my bedroom, I apparently could observe my neighbours mornings duties. Some people grieve in their mornings because of their boring life, same old routine and extra duties. Young children get on their buses waving goodbyes to their parents with their lunch pack in their hands. Those innocent days of mine had passed. I am a fully grown up as a 20 year old teenager in my own opinion but my mother stills call me her little sweetie. She was the only relative I have with my younger brother, Stanley after my father passed away in a car accident when I was 12 years old. I was matured enough to know that he will never come back to us again. I heard it was a homicide but the murderer was never revealed. My mother had a rough time when my dad passed away. She was very stress and uptight with her being a single parent and helping to run errands, taking care of us, and attending interrogations in the police department. We could barely make ends meet for 5 years. Now my mother got a steady job as a clerk in a lawyers firm. Busy but well paid I assumed because she never complained. We were under the familys protection programme for a year as being ordered by the chief police. He proclaimed that we might be attacked for some sort of reason. My mom found it ridiculous. Af ter years of searching my dads killer, we finally put it at rest. My mom thought it was for the best for us that we should stop howling on the past. I put on my snickers and ran downstairs. The smell of coffee and peanut butter ran across my nose. I jump a few step of stairs forward to reach the floor in my living room. My mom was holding a cup of coffee in her hands while speaking on the phone huskily. I never talked about her work at a lawyers firm because I assumed it was boring. She gave me a look while pointing to the food on the table to indicate that I should be having my breakfast. I gave a smirk because I was on a diet. As I was a cheerleader, it is essential to maintain fitness. My brother on the hand was playing with his food in his bowl of cornflakes. He was still a little boy who needs me to keep in straight but I love him. Even though he does get on my nerves, I will still care for him. I walked towards him and kissed his head and grab bits of cornflakes from his bowl and he started yelling. I enjoyed it because it gave me the sense of home. I grabbed my school bag and wave to my mom. It was 6.45am and I had to hurry of to school. Today is a big day because we are going to recruit new members for our cheerleading group. It was junior year recruitment and everyone was talking about it. It was time for us seniors to retire. I was walking beside the road paths when I remembered that I needed to wear my necklace which represents sister hood among the cheerleader members. The road was clear and it was quiet. Everyone must have gone to work by now. I digged the necklace from my bag and put it around my neck. It was 2 kilometres away from my house already. Out of a sudden, I heard a screeching sound of a car from behind. It was zooming fast behind me. It was a black mustang. Before I could avoid it, it stopped in a sudden manner and was forced into the car buy two man. I shouted but was helpless. Two of them were white and wore sporty clothes. Both of them looked like mafias. I was covered with a cloth on my mouth and I felt so weak. I tried to struggle but the chlorofoam was too intense. It seem to seep into my nostrils and mouth. It made me awfully drowsy. It was already taking reaction on my nerves and my brain. I fell to a deep sleep after smelling the chluorofoam from the cloth. All I could felt was the car moving fast forward and a tight grab from the kidnapper in the car. After two hours of deep sleep, I woke up. My heart was pumping really fast. I felt deadly cold. I knew it was probably the end of my life. I saw myself tied up to a chair. I couldnt move my body except my head. My mouth was sticked with a strong hold Sellotape. I wanted to scream but I couldnt. Tears started to run down my face. I tried to keep calm. God is all I could count on. I looked at my surroundings. It seems to be a run down garage. There were lots of car tools which I dont know their functions. I see bottles of kerosene and some car parts. Windows were high up on the ceiling. The wooden floor reeds and I was starting to panic. I heard laughs from outside the garage. It had two distinct voices. The door of the garage opened. One man in his mid 30s walked in with a cruel smile. There were scars on his lips. He was wearing white pants and black shirts with French writing. He was speaking French with his friend followed behind him. His friend was shorter and looked timid. He had bristle hair. They were speaking French, thinking that I would not understand a word. It was clear and they wanted to decide ways to torture me. I wanted to get up and escape so desperately but it was impossible. My hands were tied and it hurts. The brutal guy took a chair and sat in front of me. He looked like a savage guy who would do anything for power. He had nothing but fiery eyes. He looked at me coldly and said Nicole, we both know that you cant run till you give us the chip. We watched you and your family every single day. We knew your dad. You dont even have a single clue that killed your so called heroic dad. My face changed. The thought of my dad suddenly flashed in my mind. They must have knew something and hid away from us. I was furious and puzzled. Your dad was a brilliant guy. He invented a chip that was capable to conquer the world. It had important information of nuclear weapons which will cause massive destructions to the world. He was going to give the chip to the Alias Cooperation. We could not have that happen. We offered millions of US dollars to get the chip from your dad. He was making the wrong decision and the biggest mistake of his life. He was a fool to reject us. One day, he was driving home from work Bom! , we caught him, living him dead. He thinks he cannot get away easily, but with Zachariah around, he cannot even hide. My eyes were blurry. I was so mad that they took away my dead for a small chip. I wanted to hear no more. All those years without my dad were a total darkness to my family. I felt so sad that I hope that they will end me too because I missed my dad so much. The guy went on laughing. He gave me the feeling that my world will be haunted by him. He came near me and looked into my eyes and told me I better get the chip for them or I will share the same fate as my dad. I did know anything about the chip and I didnt know my dad could invent the chip. I told them. The timid guy grabs my neck and whispered in my ear while saying give us the chip and we will let you loose. The sellotape was taken off from my mouth and I started to scream. One of them put a knife on my throat and stuffed my mouth with a cloth. He threatened me that he will cut my throat if I made noises. In a second, another guy enters the garage. This time was a completely different guy. He is dressed all white and a golden watch on his wrist. He was escorted by two of his body guards dressed in dark suits. He seems to be the boss around here because there was completely silence. He was around his mid 50s with the wrinkles on his face and his body build. He ordered the two guys around me to stop hurting me. He sat in front of me smoking a cigar and told me to calm down. He took a phone and dialled numbers and told me to tell my mom to bring the chip over. He put the phone at my ear. When I heard my mom on the phone, she was crying and knew that I was being kidnapped by assuming that I didnt attend school. I told her to find the chip. Before I could continue my sentence, the guy took th e phone and ordered my mom to get the chip within 48 hours. Then he put down the phone. There was complete silence. His assistance seems to have fear towards him. He walked around me and gave me a devils smile. I closed my eyes and comfort myself that it is just a nightmare. The man said: This is not a dream, Nicole! You better hope your mom finds the chip within 48 hours and hand it over to us. I looked at him with disgust and told him even if we had the chip, we wont hand it to him either. He went out of the garage escorted by his two body guards. The other two guys left with him. I was left alone in the dark. Droplets of sweat ran down my head and neck. When it was midnight, it was so cold. My nose went red and felt froze. I knew I had to escape by all means. Before I find a tool to untie the ropes, I heard chaos outside the garage. There were gunshots and I heard sirens. I had a great feeling about it and relieved too. There were two policeman and rescue squad who barged into the garage with snipers and short guns. I saw the two bad kidnappers were lying on the ground with their hands up. The policeman untied me and pulled of the selotape on my mouth. A guy came in with my mom. I was puzzled because he was one of the body guards who escorted the accomplice just now. He reassured me that it was safe then. My mom hugged me and was terrified with her face expressions. She touched my face and told them everything was going to be alright. The guy beside her introduced himself as Allen. He explained that he was under cover in Zachariah association for years to mad e sure no one would lay hands on the chip and my family. He was with the Alias government. He looked at my bracelet and told me my dad put the chip in my bracelet given to me on my 8th birthday. The chip was inserting in the love heart shape attached to my bracelet. I took the bracelet and gave it to Allen. It would be better to be kept with the Alias government. He told us that the Zachariah association was a highly criminal association. They were active for years but they always get covered for their crime by corruption and murdering. They kept quiet for years after murdering my dad because it involved the US government and US military which was a serious crime. My mom was so confused and did not realised all those years my dad was a scientist in the Alias government. He was a businessman all along. Allen has finally got prove to put the Zachariah association under serious criminal punishment. He thanked us for cooperation. It was an awful day which exposed all the truth about my dad. We were sent to the hospital in an ambulans escorted by the policemen and a troop of soldiers. I needed to be admitted to the hospital for several days. Even though, I was sad about the loss of my dad, but I was proud of him serving fro the country with bravery, honesty, loyalty and integrity.

Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers

The Role of Books in Wuthering Heights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Bronte's 1847 masterpiece of English literature, Wuthering Heights, is a very deep and complex book that cannot simply be classified as a love story since there is no traditional happy ending for the primary characters and the heroine dies halfway through the book. This book is such a classic because Bronte has the ability to transform characters feelings onto the paper like no one else can. One important theme that relates to most of the characters in Wuthering Heights is that of books and the role they play throughout the story. There is no simple response to this question since the answer differs with each individual character. It is evident, though, that books are very important to the various relationships encountered in this story and that they can be interpreted in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first incident in which books play a role in this story is also one of the most powerful scenes in the entire book. It occurs when Mr. Lockwood has determined that he must stay the night at Wuthering Heights, his landlord's estate. Heathcliff's servant, Zillah, shows Mr. Lockwood to his room and cautions him to 'hide his candle and not make a noise'; since Heathcliff would not willingly approve of his staying in that room. Just after Mr. Lockwood enters the room, he discovers three names carved over and over onto the ledge near the window, Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Heathcliff, and Catherine Linton. Mr. Lockwood begins paging through and examining the collection of books he determines to be Catherine's. The books, he notices, have been well used judging from their dilapidation and 'scarcely one chapter had escaped a pen-and-ink commentary at least, the appearance of one covering every morsel of blank that the printer had left.'; After a short time, Mr. Lockwood dozes off but is awaken quickly by the sound of tapping on the casement window. He sleepily decides that it is the rapping of a nearby tree branch and goes back to sleep. Not much later, he dreams that he is again awakened by the same sound and tries to open the window and break off the source of the distraction. He cannot open it and, breaking the glass, reaches for the branch. To his absolute horror, he finds himself grasping a little ice-cold hand while 'a most melancholy voice'; sobs, 'Let me in let me in!'; In a sense of panic, Mr. Wuthering Heights :: essays research papers The Role of Books in Wuthering Heights   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emily Bronte's 1847 masterpiece of English literature, Wuthering Heights, is a very deep and complex book that cannot simply be classified as a love story since there is no traditional happy ending for the primary characters and the heroine dies halfway through the book. This book is such a classic because Bronte has the ability to transform characters feelings onto the paper like no one else can. One important theme that relates to most of the characters in Wuthering Heights is that of books and the role they play throughout the story. There is no simple response to this question since the answer differs with each individual character. It is evident, though, that books are very important to the various relationships encountered in this story and that they can be interpreted in many different ways.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first incident in which books play a role in this story is also one of the most powerful scenes in the entire book. It occurs when Mr. Lockwood has determined that he must stay the night at Wuthering Heights, his landlord's estate. Heathcliff's servant, Zillah, shows Mr. Lockwood to his room and cautions him to 'hide his candle and not make a noise'; since Heathcliff would not willingly approve of his staying in that room. Just after Mr. Lockwood enters the room, he discovers three names carved over and over onto the ledge near the window, Catherine Earnshaw, Catherine Heathcliff, and Catherine Linton. Mr. Lockwood begins paging through and examining the collection of books he determines to be Catherine's. The books, he notices, have been well used judging from their dilapidation and 'scarcely one chapter had escaped a pen-and-ink commentary at least, the appearance of one covering every morsel of blank that the printer had left.'; After a short time, Mr. Lockwood dozes off but is awaken quickly by the sound of tapping on the casement window. He sleepily decides that it is the rapping of a nearby tree branch and goes back to sleep. Not much later, he dreams that he is again awakened by the same sound and tries to open the window and break off the source of the distraction. He cannot open it and, breaking the glass, reaches for the branch. To his absolute horror, he finds himself grasping a little ice-cold hand while 'a most melancholy voice'; sobs, 'Let me in let me in!'; In a sense of panic, Mr.

Current State U.S Economy

The current state of the economy is one that is concerning for almost all Americans. Though we are in the recovery phase businesses are still hurting, people are out of work, we are barely getting out of a depression etc. People are pointing fingers at what is the cause and who is to blame. What was once a strong healthy economy has now drastically changed. There are many economic indicators that are used to evaluate and provide an image of what is currently happening and what an outlook may be on the economy.Several of the important factors are the business cycle, consumer price index, stock prices, consumer confidence index, gross domestic product and unemployment rates. The overall picture of the economy is relevant to its current business cycle. The business cycle is the recurring and fluctuating levels of economic activity that an economy experiences over a long period of time. The five stages of the cycle are growth, peak, recession, trough and recovery. As stated before we are in the recovery process but at a slow rate. One indicator is the Gross Domestic Product.The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total market value of all goods and services produced, including total consumer, investment, and government spending, plus the value of exports, minus the value of imports. It moves with the economy and describes what’s happening right now. The GDP was at a huge decline a few years ago which resulted in our recession. Currently it has increased by 2. 7 percent which is indicating an improving economy. Another indicator is the Consumer Price Index. The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the change in the purchasing power of currency and the rate of inflation.It shows the current price of a â€Å"basket† of goods and services in terms of the prices during the same period during the previous year. The purpose of the CPI is to show the effect of inflation on purchasing power. The â€Å"basket† of goods and services includes energy (gas prices) and food as well as other goods and services. The decline leads to deflation instead of inflation where consumers hold off on purchases in hopes of lower prices. Consumers are feeling pretty confident and spending has increased over time but not by much leading to the consumer confidence Index.The Consumer Confidence Index is a measure of how well the average American thinks the economy is doing and will do in the short-term. Stock prices are leading indicators of economic activity. If the market goes up and sustains upward activity this is seen as a good economic sign. The measure of stock prices comes from the Standard and Poor’s 500 index not the Down Jones Industrial Average. In September 2012 the S&P 500 index ended more than 25 percent above August. If current trends continue the economy will be vastly improved. The Unemployment rate is also used to understand an economy.The unemployment rate shows the economy's production, private consumption, workers' ear nings, and consumer sentiment. A lower unemployment rate translates into more employed individuals with paychecks, which leads to higher consumer spending, economic growth and potential inflationary pressures. High levels of unemployment are connected with lower incomes, lower spending, and economic stagnation. Our economy has seen the rates change up and down but the growing trend is our unemployment rate is lowering. All these indicators are used to describe the current economy.Though we are not at our highest point, we are slowly moving on the upward side. A pace that most don’t like but relative to the recession years ago it’s surly a vast improvement. November 30, 2012 U. S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis: U. S. Economic Accounts Retrieved on November 30, 2012 from: http://www. bea. gov/ Cunningham, Steven P. H. D The Consumer Sees Reason to Spend American Institute for Economic Research Retrieved on November 30, 2012 from: https://www. aier. o rg/article/7864-consumer-sees-reasons-spend

Charles Darwin and Herbert Spe essays

Charles Darwin and Herbert Spe essays Charles Darwin, a British naturalist, revolutionized biology with his theory of evolution through the process of natural selection. Herbert Spencer was the major philosopher of biological and social evolution. Spencer's work significantly influenced 19th century developments in biology, psychology, sociology and anthropology. While Darwin was influential in the fields of natural history and geology, his theory of evolution created great controversy. He changed the way people thought about the role of humans in the natural world. Although these two men made advancement in the theory of evolution they had contrasting views regarding anthropological study. Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who first solidly established the theory of organic evolution, in his work, The Origin of Species. Darwin was born in Shresbury, Shropshire on February 12, 1809. His grandfather, Erasmus Darwin, was a famous English scientist and poet. In 1825 the young Darwin went to Edinburgh University to become a doctor. The same year, however, he transferred to Christ's College in Cambridge in order to become a clergyman. During this time he befriended a man of science, John Steven Henslow. It was Henslow who recommended him for the unpaid position of naturalist on the H.M.S. Darwin set sail on December 27, 1831 to study the Pacific coast of South America and the Pacific Islands. His other duty was to set up navigation stations in the area. He also studied the geology and biology of these areas. Upon his return in 1839, Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgewood, and was admitted to the Royal Society. He moved to Downe, Kent in 1842, and was plagued by ill health until his death. He apparently transmitted Trypanosomiastis from frequent bug bites in the Pacific. Darwin died on April 19, 1882 and was buried In The Origin of Species, Darwin presented his idea that species evolve from more primit...

The Real Shape of Raindrops

The Real Shape of Raindrops Much like the snowflake symbolizes all things winter, a teardrop is a symbol of water and rain. We see them in illustrations and even on weather maps on TV. The truth is, a raindrop assumes several shapes as it falls from a cloud- none of which resemble teardrops. What is the true shape of a raindrop? Lets follow it along its journey from cloud to ground and find out! Droplets Raindrops, which are collections of millions of tiny cloud droplets, start out as small and round spheres. But as raindrops fall, they lose their rounded shape thanks to the tug-of-war between two forces: surface tension (the waters outer surface film which acts to hold the drop together) and the air flow which pushes up against the raindrops bottom as it falls.   Sphere to Hamburger Bun When the drop is small (under 1 mm across), surface tension wins out and pulls it into a spherical shape. But as the drop falls, colliding with other drops as it does so, it grows in size and it falls faster which increases the pressure on its bottom. This added pressure causes the raindrop to flatten on the bottom. Since the air flow on the bottom of the water drop is greater than the airflow at its top, the raindrop  remains curved on top, the raindrop resembles a hamburger bun. Thats right, raindrops have more in common with hamburger buns than falling on them and ruining your cookout- they are shaped like  them! Jelly Bean to Umbrella As the raindrop grows even bigger, the pressure along its bottom increases further and presses a dimple into it, making the raindrop look jelly-bean-shaped. When the raindrop grows to a large size (around 4 mm across or larger) the air flow has pressed so deeply into the water drop that it now resembles a parachute or an  umbrella. Soon after, the air flow presses through the raindrops top and breaks it apart into smaller drops.       To help visualize this process, watch the video, Anatomy of a Raindrop, courtesy of NASA.    Visualizing the Shape Due to the high speeds at which water droplets fall through the atmosphere, it is very difficult to see the variety of shapes it takes in nature without the use of high-speed photography. However, there is a way to model this in the lab, the classroom, or at home. An experiment you can do at home represents an analysis of raindrop shape through experimentation. Now that you know about raindrop shape and size, continue your raindrop exploration by learning why some rainshowers feel warm and others are cool to the touch.   SourcesAre Raindrops Tear-Shaped?  The USGS Water Science School

Economic Globalisation and Developing Nations Essay

Economic Globalisation and Developing Nations - Essay Example The goal within evolution, or what animals see as "good," is the ability to survive and promulgate their genetic code. What economists see as "good," within the world of finance is for wealth to accumulate, for products and services to increase in value and for all to profit and live happily ever after. This is the goal of financial evolution. It sounds so very, very simple, doesn't it Ah, but there is a catch. Given human tendencies, it is impossible for anybody to really have "enough." By its very nature, wealth is not a matter of what one has, but rather what one has in comparison to what everyone else has. We really don't want to have enough. Enough does not exist. We want to have more. This notion is fairly across the board for all cultures. Further, the animal kingdom is equal to the economic world concerning the degree of competition that is involved. However, over time, the competitors have less and less of an advantage over one another, and the playing field is leveled somewhat. Should one introduce a foreign element that has an unfair advantage-an animal with no natural predators and an unlimited food source, for example- soon the delicate balance of power between species is torn asunder. Similarly, such an idea can be presented regarding financial globalisation. Financial globalisation is nothing new. ... Enabling framework of financial globalization essentially includes liberalization and deregulation of the domestic financial sector as well as liberalisation of the capital account. As economies progressively integrate globally, pari passu the financial structures of markets and the world of finance change. Financial globalisation cannot be considered a novel phenomenon. Trans-country capital movements are centuries old." (Das, "Globalization in the World of Finance") Arguably, the very first European pioneer into the area of global finance is Jakob Fugger, son of a wealthy, self-made merchant of textiles. Jakob Fugger used his toehold in the textile industry to expand into finance, with trade posts that stretched from the Mediterranean to the Baltic. (familybusiness.com) Later, the rest of Europe caught on, and The Royal Exchange was created in London, providing a center for English financiers to trade both locally and internationally. By the nineteenth century, it became fairly evident that money in the form of paper currency had much less stability in terms of its trading power against foreign currency. The gold standard was therefore established, the reasoning behind it being that gold was much less likely to fluctuate in value; notes were redeemable for gold, both within a country's borders and internationally. This was intended to act as a guarantee that paper currency could be used anywhere, with a fairly similar value, provided these same countries both agreed to the gold standard and operated under it. (This was prefaced by the Bank Charter Act of 1844, under which the Bank of England declared itself the only legitimate source from which paper money was to be issued.) This standard is no longer used,

Photosynethesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Photosynethesis - Essay Example 1). The name ‘photosynthesis’ (a chemical change process) is derived from Latin terminology, ‘formation of light’. The ‘formation of light’ process is important in the sustenance of the food chain in which â€Å"all human food energy and the food energy of many living organisms are directly or indirectly derived from the photosynthetic processes† (Gale Science, 2011, p. 1). For example, an organism (i.e. a cow) eats plants and, therefore, consumes the plant energy that was generated via photosynthesis; this is energy indirectly via photosynthesis. â€Å"Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy of light to produce carbohydrates and molecular oxygen, (O2) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). 6CO2 + 6H2O – sunlight – C6H12O6 + 6O2 Virtually all ecosystems on earth depend on photosynthesis as their source of energy. Incredibly, all free oxygen on the planet, including atmospheric oxygen, originates fro m photosynthesis† (Robinson, 2009, p. 1). The following articles analyze and demonstrate current research on the topic of ‘photosynthesis’. Each is concerned with scientific research and measurable analysis of the photosynthetic processes. The test methods of certain scientific questions and studies offer unique theoretical insights, and interpretations of scientific methodologies. Article #1: â€Å"Comparing light-conversion efficiency of plants and manmade solar cells† by Durham, Sharon (2012). Agricultural Research. (60.1)7. In this scientific article written by researcher Sharon Durham (2012), the research study question is asked†¦ â€Å"When using light energy, how do manmade photo cells compare to a plant’s photosynthesis†? (Durham, 2012, p. 1). Explain what the scientist were testing During scientific inquiry, scientist from the Agricultural Research Service conducted a study in which comparisons were drawn between plant cells and photovoltaic cells – how efficiently each cell type converted sunlight into energy. The significance of purpose of the study was to find out how scientists and researchers â€Å"could improve plant photosynthesis – a critical first link in the global supply chain for food, fiber, and bioenergy production† (Durham, 2012, p. 1). Explain (briefly) how they tested it Scientists conducted detailed-oriented scientific methodology and measurement to compare plant cell and manmade solar cell photosynthetic processes. Research leader, Donald Ort, conducts scientific studies on photosynthesis from his field office – the ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit in Urbana, Illinois. According to Ort (2012), â€Å"scientists know that plants are not as efficient as manmade solar cells at converting light into energy. But there is a way of comparing the two systems more accurately. The study identified specific redesigns that hold excellent promise for impro ving efficiency† (Ort, 2012, p. 1). Researchers set comparison standards, first considering current technology then strategies for improvements. Explain what they found As noted by S. Durham (2012), â€Å"†¦comparing the two systems is a challenge. Although both processes harvest energy from sunlight, they use the energy in different ways. Plants convert the sun’s energy into chemical energy, whereas, solar cells produce electricity† (Durham, 2012, p. 1). Research scientist, Ort, points out†¦ â€Å"While, in context of our efficiency analysis, solar cells have a clear advantage compared to photosynthesis. There is a need to apply