Communication Technology and Its Impact on Social Interaction Research Paper - 1

Correspondence Technology and Its Impact on Social Interaction - Research Paper Example Innovation has had the option to create working conditions in all enterprises, individual connections have been formed and all the more so the part of the long range informal communication through social destinations has assumed control over the correspondence business.  This theme attempts to explain the innovation utilized in correspondence from a social communication point of view. This procedure doesn't absolutely allude to up close and personal connection however rather than innovation, interceded collaboration. For another situation, the principle point of this examination is to attempt to clarify why the level of aggregate development inside the work networks has diminished and the manner in which working environment associations have gotten increasingly utilitarian. The need to extend new abilities caused social strains and clashes. Then again, the acquaintances of innovation appear with have been the hotly anticipated response to people’s issues. These issues resemble data critical thinking that was evoked in a hot manner and occurred fundamentally advancing, yet now and again additionally steady, interpersonal organizations. For this situation, the data correspondence innovation has both the negative and beneficial outcomes on the clients. Particularly the development of Email as a mechanism of passing on messages from one individual to the next by means of the utilization of cell phones and computers.2  Technology has changed the nature and states of work both in the workplaces and out in the fields. In spite of the fact that innovation encourages data transport and expansions of informal organizations, both inside and outside associations it decreases up close and personal collaborations. Representatives burned through the greater part of their occasions on PCs utilizing messages to pass data from one section to the next as opposed to with their kindred associates.

Juvenile System free essay sample

Something isn't right in the public eye assuming an ever increasing number of adolescents carry out reprobate violations. Concentrating on what brings forth wrongdoing in adolescents today, child rearing is basic. During my visit to family court with individual schoolmates I was regarded to watch genuine live cases including young people, and their folks. Clearly one primary issue in the U. We will compose a custom exposition test on Adolescent System or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page S. Adolescent Delinquency framework is the absence of family structure. Family and reprobate connections interconnect, eventually, coming about profoundly of wrongdoing. The articles â€Å"Juvenile Delinquency and Family Structure†, by Anika Doggett, and â€Å"Family Influences on Delinquency, composed by David P. Farrington, both endeavor to clarify the impacts of family structure on adolescent delinquents. Minimal measure of correspondence and structure gave by family just guarantees a closer way to reprobate exercises a youngster will participate in. In the end, an answer or if nothing else an endeavor to fathom family structure, and parental impact, should be established in the U. S. adolescent framework. Going to family court was an involvement with itself since it will everlastingly be important. One case specifically that held noteworthy incentive to me was the one including a multi year old kid who cut a conveyance specialist in the chest with a blade. As the grieved adolescent went into the court, everyone's eyes were concentrating on him as court officials expelled him from binds. This demonstrated earlier confinement in a detainment office. He moved toward his seat moderate and slouchy, and sat in the middle of his mom and his legal counselor. He shared no words, or looks with both of the two as he kept on being situated. I expected a considerably more private welcome once he joined with his mom, yet amazingly, neither of them appears to be keen on such. The youthful reprobate looked around the room as he recognized everybody present with his low, furious eyes. His hair was uncombed, and he slumped in his seat as though having no enthusiasm for the occasions going to happen. His face was mercilessly wounded and beaten from what appeared to be clench hand battles he had, thinking back to the detainment office he originated from. As the portrayals of the case proceeded, it was demonstrated that the survivor of the wounding was a guiltless, foreigner man who talked no English. He is from Mexico, and attempts to help his family being a conveyance kid. The casualty is just nineteen years of age meaning just four years more established than his wrongdoer. At the point when the casualty was referenced, the adolescent spoke to was not contrite. He gave no indications of compassion toward the person in question, or his family. He kept on slumping, and be segregated from everybody in the court. As the adjudicator kept on arguing his case, he kept on gazing forward with a clear gaze. At last, the case was delayed to be chosen sometime in the future. The juvenile’s legal advisor referenced the adolescent having a meeting with a specialist. The specialist saw manifestations of a standoffish issue that the young person handled. He depicted the teenager as feeling sincerely separated and disengaged from things having wistful worth, which would clarify his absence of feeling during the case. At long last, the adolescent was given back to the detainment office wherein he originated from. As the case was excused, the kid stood up from the seat and was put back in cuffs. By and by, he didn't see his mom, address her, or recognize her even in the smallest way. By one way or another, his mom had the option to start grinning when she took a gander at him, however by one way or another, it didn’t appear satisfying to me. Moreover, I investigated the fundamental reason for this case; absence of family structure. As indicated by Anika Doggett, in the content â€Å"Juvenile Delinquency, and Family Structure†, â€Å"families are one of the most grounded mingling powers in life†. (1) Providing soundness, solidarity, and control, families are basically the establishment of an individual. In any case, plainly family factors anticipate irritating. Some solid indicators are criminal or withdrawn guardians. Different indicators are enormous family estimates, poor parental management, parental clash, and disturbed families. Youngsters who are dismissed by families, who additionally experience childhood in insecure homes with a lot of contention, or who are unaided more often than not, are at more serious danger of getting reprobate. (Doggett 1) In considerably progressively explicit terms, positive child rearing works on during early long stretches of youth and immaturity seem to go about as wellbeing protective caps; just in light of the fact that they add to the structure and establishment of what a youngster accepts, values, and comprehends as right from wrong. This accurate thought is apparent for the situation. From what I agreed as I watched the legal dispute, the mother and child relationship was inconvenient dependent on the absence of correspondence they shared. In the content â€Å"Family Influences on Delinquency†, creator David Farrington says â€Å"mother love in early stages and adolescence was similarly as significant for psychological wellness as nutrients and proteins for physical health†. (211) It is basic that a youngster encounters a warm, adoring, empowering, persistent relationship with a mother figure from a youthful age. In the event that they experience a maternal burden, as right on time as the initial five years of life, it will effectsly affect the improvement of their character. This incorporates turning into a â€Å"affectionless†, and â€Å"cold† individual, additionally a reprobate. This clarifies the removed relationship showed between the mother and child in court. What's more, the way that the boy’s father was absent is likewise a significant feature as I would see it. Farrington states that it is commonly basic for the misfortune or nonappearance of a dad, as opposed to a mother. Notwithstanding, this also impacts the eventual fate of the adolescent. Kids from broken homes are bound to irritate than ones from â€Å"intact families†. (Farrington 211) To additionally check this thought, an investigation was done by specialist, Joan McCord, in which she considered the connection between homes broken by loss of the organic dads and young men who later submit genuine offenses. She found that the commonness of culpable was high for young men from broken homes without friendly moms (62 percent) and for those from whole homes portrayed by parental clash (52 percent), independent of whether they had tender moms.

Pros and Cons of Using a Method of Essay Writing

Pros and Cons of Using a Method of Essay WritingWhat are the pros and cons of using a method of essay writing to turn your ideas into great articles? Some people like this method, while others just like to write their thoughts down. There are many benefits and disadvantages to using a method that is in a handbook or guide.The first thing to know about any method of essay writing is that it should be approved by the publisher. You do not want your publisher reading through your article and deciding that it needs to be changed because you wrote it the way you read it. There is nothing worse than going to a book on how to write an essay and then being told that you need to change the word order or make other changes. Your writing style should be respected and not be changed or edited. You should also be aware that some publishers do not allow any type of thesis statement in your work.There are two good methods of essay writing that have been in use for many years. These are the MLA meth od and the APA method. One of the most popular courses that is teaching this method is the Writer's Digest Course.The main point of this method is to provide you with enough information to start your essay. It is almost as if you were reading a book. You do not have to have the name of the author, but it should be able to give you the basic information about the book. It also provides many tips on how to write essays. The best part about this method is that the chapters will help you get all of the information needed to finish your essay.This method is also used because it helps you organize and format your paper. It also helps you to find the information you need to start your essay. The other benefit is that you can use this method without having to go back and forth to your college or high school. It is easy to follow and is not too long to read.If you use the APA method of essay writing, then you will get a good length to your paper. It will also help you write an essay for any kind of essay. You can even use this method to read other peoples papers and learn from them. Many colleges will also use this method for their students.Another important benefit is that you can use this method on any topic that you want to write an essay on. You can even use this method for a report that you want to write. The whole point of the APA method is to get you writing and to make it easy for you to study.Students that are used to using this method are the ones that can get their work completed in a day. The downside to this method is that you have to be comfortable with writing and you have to be comfortable with the materials that you are using. However, you can still find ways to turn your thoughts into something you can get published.

History of Guitar Essay

Music has consistently been a piece of the world’s culture since the commencement. Route back a huge number of years prior, individuals used their body parts, for example, their mouth, hands and feet, so as to make sounds. Notwithstanding, due to people’s innovativeness and cleverness, they have started to utilize various materials that are a piece of their regular daily existence so the production of instruments has started. One of those found and imagined instruments is guitar. This paper attempts to give point by point data respects to the historical backdrop of guitar. To start with, it will give a meaning of the term ‘musical instrument,’ and its sorts. At that point, it will likewise give a meaning of the instrument ‘guitar. ’ Second, it will follow and portray its history. What's more, ultimately, it will uncover its advantages to the general public. Moreover, it will give a concise information its contemporary status in the general public. Instrument, generally, is any solid delivering material that originates from any culture, actuated in any methods, and is used for making what is all around and as often as possible known as â€Å"music. † It envelops programmed or mechanical anyway it likewise incorporates recording or playback gadget (Rice). It is grouped into various kinds to be specific: (1) idiophones, which comprises of cymbals, triangles, gongs, castanets, ringers, xylophones; (2) membranophones, which comprises of drums, a skin or layers is broadened and extended over a resonating depression; (3) chordophones or instruments that produce and make sounds by method of vibration of at least one strings extended in the midst of two fixed focuses. It tends to be a guitar, lupe, harp, violin, cello; (4) aerophones which are blowing gadgets that utilization vibration of the air. These incorporate trumpets, clarinets, woodwinds, bagpipes, whistle (qtd. n Wade 10). Guitar is a stringed instrument, which resembles the lute or the violin, in any case, it is greater in size and has six strings: three of them are silk-shrouded silver wire and the other three are catgut (â€Å"Guitar†). It is an internationally portable instrument by which structure, tonal surfaces and playing procedures and methods are aftereffect of its apportionment. It is used in different locally explicit melodic settings (Bennett and Dawe 1). It is made of wood, associated with lute, in any case, it has a more box-molded resonatorâ€the general trait of the instrument. All through the history, its strings are played by either a plectrum or a finger. It has a roundabout soundhole in its middle (Wade 12). The cutting edge English wording for ‘guitar’ originated from the Spanish expression ‘guittara’ and was gotten from Arabic and Latin terms ‘qitara’ and ‘cithara,’ individually. These terms were gotten from ‘kithara,’ and before Greek word, and from the Persian expression ‘sithar’. â€Å"‘Sithar’ itself is identified with the Indian instrument, the sitar† (â€Å"History of Guitar†). The historical backdrop of guitar is followed hundred of years prior. It has been built up alongside other precursor instruments known as lyres and harps, which are referenced in the Old Testament, Mesopotamian since quite a while ago necked lutes, string instruments outlined in old Babylonian and Egyptian workmanship (Wade 13). The most established well known portrayal of the instrument that shows all its significant highlights is on a 3,300-year old stone cutting of Hittite poet (â€Å"History of Guitar†) found at Alaca Hoyuk (Wade 13). All through the Middle Ages, three, four, five-string guitars do exist. The Guittara Latina, which has bended sides, is said and thought to have started in Spain (â€Å"Acoustic Guitar History†). It is an item in essence of a long and multifaceted history of different impacts (â€Å"History of Guitar†). Renaissance is the picked period that is supposed to be the appropriate beginning stage of guitar since it is during this age the instrument is as of now corresponding to music (Turnbull 2). During this period, writers composed more often than not in sheet music (â€Å"Acoustic Guitar History†), a melodic documentation moderately unique in relation to the cutting edge ones. Its page typically looked flashy, resplendent and confounded yet for artists and instrumentalists, it has been an extremely down to earth, valuable and a direct technique and way of changing images into sounds (Wade 18). By the by, in this period, the guitar never had the regard that the lute has on the grounds that it has not been viewed as a genuine instrument. The main production for guitar was perceived to have originated from Alonso Muddara’s â€Å"Tres Libros de Musica en Cifras para Vihuela. † Finally, the guitar initiated to pull in instrumentalists subsequently; there had been an expansion in production and music (â€Å"Some Guitar History†). Italy turned into the focal point of guitar in seventeenth century. In the late eighteenth century resulting to the expansion of the 6th string, the Spanish school of guitar making prospered. In the period of nineteenth century, there was at that point an upgraded and improved correspondence and transportation that permitted the entertainers to travel the world over, subsequently, the guitar developed to turn into a broadly known instrument (â€Å"Acoustic Guitar History†). The viewpoints and measurements of the cutting edge traditional guitar were set up and established by Antonio Torres, who works in Seville in 1850 (â€Å"History of Guitar†). Guitar music at that point got well known in Spain. The advancement in guitar that was finished by Torres meant changes in appearance. The cutting edge guitar appeared as a widened body, the midsection bend was expanded and the stomach was diminished. An improvement with respect to its inward supporting was structured; single string courses were supplanted by twofold courses and the machine head supplanted the wooden tuning pegs (â€Å"Acoustic Guitar History†). Before the finish of the nineteenth century, the guitar has become undesirable. In any case, it was resuscitated by Francisco Tarrega, who was known for his â€Å"Receurdos de la Alhambra. † He acted out in the open and decided to perform for his companions at his home. He composed a method on the most proficient method to instruct guitar. He additionally deciphered a heap of melodic pieces for guitar. He was likewise considered as the pioneer of playing guitar with fingernails; which developed into a custom (â€Å"Some Guitar History†). The majority of the credit and acknowledgment with respect to the improvement of guitar was carried on to the Europeans. Today, steel-string acoustic guitars are created by the Americans. In the mid twentieth century, when European wanderers showed up in America, various them are exceptionally talented instrument creators, which remembers those experts for the steel-stringed guitar. There are two sorts of creation that have evolvedâ€the level top guitar and the curve top guitar (â€Å"Acoustic of Guitar History†). At the point when guitar innovation has at long last driven and advanced toward the United States in the mid nineteenth century, it was Charles Friedrich Martin, a guitar producer who moved in New York in 1833, who started it. In mid 1900s, the Martin Company delivered and made bigger guitar instruments yet still followed and stayed with the exemplary model plans, particularly the Spanish guitar (â€Å"How a Guitar is Made: Background†). The ancestry of the guitar is immense and challenging to follow particularly in light of the fact that there is a halfway misguided judgment that the guitar is an immediate replacement of the lute. The absence of notoriety and conspicuousness of guitar in history is appropriately because of the way that it pulls in little regard from great authors and artists until the twentieth century (â€Å"A Contextual Background†). The making of guitar has been of crucial significance in the field of music. It is a portrayal and encapsulation of revelation, innovativeness, creative mind and articulation of performing insight and ability. The early guitar gave critical commitments during the Baroque time frame. The guitar and guitar predecessors grabbed hold of the consideration of society culture and the white collar class path back the Baroque time just as the Classical time frame (â€Å"A Contextual Background†). The instrument speaks to a theoretical thought, a method of intuition with respect to sound and a method of distinguishing and perceiving societies. The guitar is an essential symbol in American culture and different societies around the globe. There are a few variants of stringed instruments that are made and made as far off away from Japan, and are formed into the ensemble. It additionally shapes special varieties like the Sitar of India (â€Å"The Linage of Guitar Construction†). The development of the guitar over the span of history is in a two-overlap way. The specialized movement and improvements have been captivating, interesting and crucial. All things considered, supporting and building up that advancement and improvement has been the social component of guitar’s notoriety and acknowledgment. The mechanical changes that have been requested socially added to its better and stronger instrumentation. In this manner, there have been documentations on its turn of events and excursion. The guitar’s movement throughout time is one of the mirrors that culture in fact changes after some time. It develops simply like how the guitar advances (Kentor and Michaels 10). The guitar isn't only an epitome of one’s culture and time. It is likewise a portrayal of the status of whoever claims it particularly during the antiquated occasions in light of the fact that the vast majority in the working class possessed a guitar. Its advancement serves a reflection that people’s resourcefulness, thinking and inventiveness do upgrade and progress, close by with the way of life that they have a place. The formation of guitar has helped a great deal in the music business since it goes with and produces sound even without the utilization of power. It is simply mechanical on the grounds that solitary the fingers or a p

Living as a Christian disciple Essay Example for Free

Living as a Christian supporter Essay Clarify how living as a Christian supporter may impact the lives of Christians today. Christianity is a whole lifestyle. Its not just a piece of your life it is as long as you can remember. It is a feeling of being with God. It's anything but a single direction framework, yet in reality a two way bond. Being a follower of God gives you a feeling of what your identity is. You have the situation of being a piece of Gods kids just as being an offspring of your folks. This is a unique inclination. A Christian is an individual who carries on with their life every day for God. By supplicating all the time, responding decidedly not contrarily with individuals and being an idealistic individual instead of a critical one. Christianity concentrates a great deal on how individuals treat others. Christianity accepts everybody is equivalent. No one is better than another person, regardless of whether they are more extravagant. A follower trusts Christ is with you consistently. To turn into a Christian you should attempt to be as well as can be expected be. A case of this would be the anecdote about the Pharisee and the assessment authority, having the best mankind. To form into a Christian you have to know the standards. You have to carry on with your life a specific way. That implies you may need to forfeit a couple of things yet over the long haul you will be compensated. Again you should realize how to manage individuals. Love the Lord your God with everything that is in you and with your entire being and energetically and with all your brain, and, Love your neighbor as yourself. (Luke 10 versus 27) An individual should be eager to provide up extravagances so as to increase better things. For example a Christian must give 10% of their all out salary to either a congregation or a cause. In any case, the more fundamental factor is time. Time is more valuable than rubies. Time must be removed from your day to consider God or even the old woman nearby who experience in solitude. Your disposition towards individuals is significant. Being a Christian influences what vocation you wish to seek after. Certain callings are viewed as deceptive and in this manner are not permitted. An occupation, for example, working in a fetus removal facility, you are removing an actual existence which has an option to live, which is crooked. Another activity which gives individuals distress is a traffic superintendent. A Christian has a significant task to carry out in the family and in the home. There must be tranquil arrangement and they should consistently recollect that kids for the most part gain from the instances of their folks. So as a parent you should do beneficial things and not awful. You should realize how to work in a family. To be a devoted Christian you are required to visit the congregation all the time and to supplicate day by day. At chapel Christians have fellowship, as a rule once per week. This is red wine and bread which s additionally called the Eucharist. The Eucharist is the service wherein Christs last dinner with his followers is praised with bread and wine, the bread represents Jesus body and the wine Jesus blood. Albeit a few Christians don't put stock in going to chapel for instance, Quakers and the Salvation Army. Quakers are Christians who don't have set administrations or have no services and don't do rehashed customs. The Salvation Army consider that you ought to be cautious and ensure that functions don't turn out to be a higher priority than the significance of the conviction or confidence. Additionally the Salvation Army don't drink any liquor as when they previously began the gathering liquor was a significant issue, accordingly they are not permitted to have fellowship as it incl udes wine. There are numerous respectable Christians who have gone about as phenomenal good examples, previously and in the current day. A portion of these popular Christian devotees are Oscar Romero, Mother Teresa, Martin Luther King, Desmond Tutu and some more. I am going to inform you regarding Desmond Tutu. Desmond Tutu was conceived in 1931 on the seventh October. He lived in South Africa, a general public where minorities individuals were considered as outsiders, a bigot arrangement of politically-sanctioned racial segregation. They needed to gain since the beginning that their needs were viewed as less significant than the requirements of white individuals. They were not permitted to blend in with the white individuals. For instance dark kids couldn't go to a similar school as a white kid and consistently dark individuals needed to convey their passbooks to show what their identity was and in the event that they reserved an option to be the place they were, they likewise were not permitted to go into bistros or go to sea shores and stops. In the road white cops would find them and down as though they were lawbreakers. It was difficult for youngsters to grow up watching guardians and good examples being embarrassed along these lines. Desmond Tutu went to an all dark school. He worked willing and was subsequently astute. He was a sort and delicate kid. At 14 years old Desmond got Tb. He was placed in medical clinic for a long time. An English minister called Father Trevor Huddleston visited him consistently. Trevor Huddleston had been attempting to make the lives of the dark individuals better. He accepted politically-sanctioned racial segregation was shrewd and extremely unchristian. He opened lodgings and nurseries for vagrants o remain in around evening time. He likewise guarded dark individuals when they were tested by the police. A deep rooted fellowship bloomed among Desmond and Trevor. During his stay in emergency clinic Desmond turned out to be progressively astute and intelligent. He had a solid duty towards Christianity and an otherworldly way to deal with life. Desmond was affected by modesty, delicacy, benevolence from otherworldly individuals like Trevor. In the wake of leaving school Desmond chose train as an instructor. He functioned as an instructor for a couple of years yet he couldnt remain there and watch his kin endure. He needed to take care of business. So he left educating and turned into a cleric. In 1961 Desmond was appointed as a minister. He was given his own ward church and an appropriate house in a zone of ghetto lodging. It was remunerating work, a delightful activity with individuals who adored him having him as their cleric. In 1962 he was offered to go to London to read for a second degree in religious philosophy. At the point when he arrived he couldnt accept that he was permitted to walk openly and not need to check for signs where they were not permitted. He wasnt looked by police; he didnt need to haul a passbook around with him. He adored it. Following 3 years when he came back to South Africa, he thought that it was troublesome being a peon once more. From the comprehension of the Bible he saw that Christianity focuses on that all individuals are equivalent and that God needs individuals to be free. As a Christian he felt it was his duty to assist dark with peopling become equivalent with white individuals. After two years Desmond took a vocation in England. In 1975 he was given the post of Dean in Johannesburg. On the off chance that he acknowledged it, at that point this implied he would need to move back to South Africa. This post had consistently been held by white men so he needed to roll out an improvement and acknowledged the post. The church building had a racially blended gathering and pastorate. Desmond purchased in changes to the love including shaking hands, embracing and kissing your neighbor on the cheek which made many fell progressively agreeable. In 1978 wealthier dark individuals were beginning to be permitted into a couple of open places however the network all in all were kept as peons. In one of Desmonds talks he drastically vowed to consume his Bible on the day that he was refuted about politically-sanctioned racial segregation being a fiendishness. Something else Desmond said in one of his discourses was, At home in South Africa I have now and again said in huge gatherings where you have high contrast together, take a gander at your hands-various hues speaking to various individuals. You are the rainbow individuals of God. Furthermore, you recall the rainbow in the Bible is the indication of harmony. The rainbow is the indication of flourishing. We need harmony, success and equity and we can have it when all the individuals of God, the rainbow individuals of God, cooperate. In 1984 he was granted in the Nobel Peace Prize in America. Before long the entire world came to see Desmond as an image for the battle against politically-sanctioned racial segregation. In 1986 he was additionally elevated to Archbishop of Cape Town, the primary dark man to hold this post. In 1989 F.W De Klerk became president. The restriction on ANC and PAC was lifted representing opportunity for all dark South Africans after such a significant number of long periods of misery. In 1993 selective white guideline at last finished. The aftereffect of the main popularity based political race was that in 1994, Nelson Mandela turned into the principal dark South African president. By 1996 there was another constitution planned for making a full racial equity and concordance. The hardest test confronting deprived families was not exclusively to pardon those whom had caused their torment, however to ensure that absolution was finished and genuine likewise with Christian love. This would mean the new South Africa could develop from solid roots, unaffected by fault and harshness. I think Desmond Tutu was a decent Christian supporter as he helped the dark individuals of South Africa. He purchased balance in South Africa which is the thing that God says. He is helping other people and spreading the great expression of God. He is resolved and won't surrender when circumstances become difficult. Another case of a decent Christian pupil is a man called Oscar Romero. He was conceived in Ciudad Barrios, El Salvador in 1917. He was a Catholic man. He figured the most ideal approach to help individuals is serve God as a cleric. He every now and again visited detainees in Gaol and he worked with heavy drinkers He advanced the exercises of Alcohol Anonymous. He set up good cause to give help to poor people and the hungry. Oscar was a regarded man. He represented poor people, restricted the administration, contradicted military and restricted rich families who affected the lawmakers behind the scene. He was a decided Christian devotee. Romeros point in life was too help poor people and hungry and the main way he could help them was by ensuring the congregation get a state in governmental issues. He began at a theological college in San Miguel, in 1930. A couple of months after the fact he was sent to Rome to finish his philosophical investigations. In 1942 he is appointed as a minister. In 1943 he comes back to El Salvador having seen early long periods of the Second Wo

Apple Inc. Strategic Plan - Free Essay Example

Executive Summary Apple, Inc. is a well-known company that has continued to expand their products and services in the past few years. This strategic plan is going to take a closer look into Apple, Inc. as a company and how they have become so successful. This plan will also discuss the companys history, the products, and the services they offer, and how the company operates and sets goals. Apple, Inc. has a vision for their company and a mission statement that is of high importance to them. A SWOT analysis is also going to be analyzed in this strategic plan, along with looking at some of Apple’s competitors and their financial outlook for the future. Company Overview Apple, Inc. is a company that started out by producing both business and personal computers, along with iPods and eventually started expanding their products. The company was founded in 1976 by Steven Wozniak and Steve Jobs and was originally called Apple Computers, Inc., which is now known as Apple, Inc. (CNN Library, 2018). Apple, Inc. started as a computer company, and as technology and the digital world has continued to evolve, so did the company. Apple began to expand their products by incorporating iTunes music store, the iPod, and eventually incorporating the iPhone. Apple, Inc.’s headquarters is located in Cupertino, CA, but the company has about 506 stores in about 24 different countries, with 272 being in the United States (Apple Stores, 2018). The evolution of the company can be seen in the next section covering the company history. Company History Apple, Inc. was originally called Apple Computers, Inc. and was founded by Steve Jobs on April 1, 1976 (Richardson Terrell 2008). The company was started from Steve Jobs’ garage where Jobs’ and Steve Wozniak began building the Apple I and then the Apple II computer, but it wasn’t until 1980 when the company actually went public due to the high level of sales and money that was coming in (Richardson Terrell, 2008). Throughout the next few years the Lisa computer was put on the market, which later was discontinued, and then the Macintosh computer was created. Steve Jobs temporarily left the company, returning in 1997 as the CEO, and in 1998 the very popular iMac personal computer was developed and put on the market for customers (CNN Library, 2018). In the following years, the company would introduce the iTunes music store, different types of iPods, new iMac and other computers, and eventually releasing the iPhone in 2007. What’s interesting about the comp any is that the company also started to market their very own Apple TV, the iPad, and the iCloud which offers online storage for personal or business use (CNN Library, 2015). As the company continued to expand their products, the company’s revenue shot up, making the company one of the most competitive companies out there. In 2014, Apple released the Apple Watch, and in 2015 Apple Music became a popular live radio station for customers to utilize (CNN Library, 2015). While not every product is unique and offers different features to customers, each has been successful in their own way, bringing in quite a bit of revenue for the company. Products and or services As described briefly earlier, Apple Computers, Inc. originally only focused on computers, and making them efficient for people to use in their office and at home. Over the years, the company has continued to evolve when it comes to the type of products it offers to customers. For example, in 1998 the Macintosh 128K: the iMac was released which produced a high level of revenue, allowing the company to purchase other companies and continue creating and testing new products (Apple Inc., n.d.). Fast forward up to date the company now offers Mac’s, iPads, iPhones, iPods, watches, televisions, and music stations as mentioned earlier. Apple’s most successful product is the iPhone which has not only attracted more customers to the company but has also significantly helped the company with the revenue that it has pulled in over the years. The iPhone was a costly product to invest in, roughly $150 million to create, but within the first few months of the iPhone being on the market, the company made about $51.1 billion from 74.4 million iPhones that were sold (Williams-Grut, 2015). This investment was well worth it, and it has been a great source of revenue for the company ever since it was created. Operations Operations are one of the most important things for a company to have in place. Operations can be described as a process that focuses on production and tracks the process of the finished product to customers (Unnamed Author, 2015). In order for operations to run smoothly, there are several different individuals and departments within the company that assist with this process. Figure 1 provides an overview of the company’s organizational structure and how the departments work together to make sure the company operates and delivers properly. The Sales Planning and Operations department focuses on the production process from start to finish; for example, they focus on customer service, planning, the execution of the plan, and the operation process behind a sale (Operations, n.d.). Lariviere (2011) discusses how Apple, Inc. receives discounts on air freight, parts, and manufacturing capacity, and is in charge of most of their supply chain which leads to innovation. Lariviere (2011) also mentions that Apples operations are extremely vital to the company being able to carry out their strategy and plans. As mentioned earlier, the operation process is what carries out customer interactions, sales, production, deliveries, and much more. Without a proper operation process in place, Apple would not succeed. Organization within operations is important in order to make sure each of the correct steps are made and accomplished. Apple, Inc. operates by planning ahead of their competition, placing bets on production technologies, and working closely with suppliers (Lariviere, 2011). Vision Every person typically has a vision for the company they are looking to start. A vision statement can be described as the company’s aspirations and hopes of where they want to go in the future (Unknown Author, 2015). Apple Inc.’s vision statement is quite lengthy; however, it can be summarized as the company continuing to evolve, and wanting to create and provide great products for their customers, and saying no to projects that don’t fall in line with what’s important to the company (Rowland, 2018). It appears as if Apple has held up to their vision due to their ability to produce new products over the last few years and evolving to the digital market. Mission Statement A mission statement’s goal is to help capture the company’s identity and explain who they are, what they do, and what they hope to accomplish (Unknown Author, 2015). Apple, Inc.’s mission statement is: Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App store and is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad. (Rowland, 2018) Apple, Inc.’s mission is to touch multiple different markets and clients. It appears that the company has accomplished this mission in many ways with their products, services, and the number of locations the company operations business. However, there is always room for improvement when it comes to either the products the company offers or the service that is provided to customers. Corporate Values Culture A company’s core values are their beliefs and principles in which they operate their business. Steve Jobs built Apple, Inc. into a company that specifically focuses on supporting people who have a passion, and who are looking for a way to change the world by using it somehow (Think Marketing, 2016). Another core value of the company is to make and sell the best products possible, and to always be looking to develop new products and continue with innovation (Think Marketing, 2016). The company has produced many great products since it started; for example, it has developed the iPad, iPod, and iPhones, all of which have been extremely successful for the company. Apple, Inc.’s corporate culture can be described as an organizational culture which plays a major role in the company’s success. Apple’s culture emphasizes their innovation and the importance of creativity (Meyer, 2018). For the corporate culture, Apple tends to focus on five main characteristics, such as Moderate combativeness, creativity, secrecy, innovation, and top-notch excellence (Meyer, 2018). As a company, Apple has continued to grow and expand their products and services. Due to the companys ability to be so consistent with their creation of new products, their corporate culture could be said to be very organized and strong (Unnamed Author, 2015). SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis is a tool that helps a company take a closer look at their business by analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (Unknown Author, 2015). A SWOT analysis can be a great process to conduct frequently in order to understand where the company stands, whether it’s in a positive or negative spot. See below for a SWOT analysis conducted for Apple, Inc. Strengths According to Khan, Alam, and Alam (2015), one of Apple Inc.’s biggest strengths and successes was expanding their products to more than just computers, which has assisted in bringing in tremendous sales growth. Since the beginning of Apple Inc., the company has continued to grow and expand, and they have created a strong brand image, high-profit margins, and effective rapid innovation processes (Smithson, 2018). The company has also established both horizontal and vertical integration which leads them to have some competitive advantages that other companies dont have. Weaknesses According to Smithson (2018), Apple Inc. does have some weaknesses, such as they have a limited network when it comes to distribution, the company’s prices are typically on the higher side, and the company is pretty dependent of the sales on high-end market segments. Apple is mostly known for their iPad and iPhone products which can be a great branding opportunity, but it can also be a disadvantage because it can lead to some risks for the business (Apple Inc, 2015). Companies that have a smaller amount of products run the risk of hitting their peak when it comes to marketing those products and can eventually struggle financially. In order to bring in more revenue, the company might need to revise current products or create new ones in order to be successful. Opportunities Within the last few years Apple Inc. has shown to be a very powerful company when it comes to the opportunities that have come their way, and the quality of products they have been able to produce. According to Eassa (2018), Apple Inc. has several growth opportunities coming up in the future due to how successful the company has been, and due to the amount of money, the company makes. In 2017 alone the company made roughly $230 billion in revenue and about $50 billion in net income (Eassa, 2018). The Apple Watch has proven to be very successful in 2017, which means it provides an opportunity for more features and expansion to happen in the near future (Eassa, 2018). Other growth opportunities involve Apple Inc.’s audio products and their services; for example, with Apple’s audio products there are opportunities for more Beats products to be created, different types of headphones and earphones to be invented, and for the newest product, the Homepod, to be improved and pr omoted (Eassa, 2018). Apple Pay is another semi-new mobile payment service that the company launched in 2014 which works on some of the company’s newest iPhones. This feature is projected to provide new opportunities and growth for Apple, Inc. as time goes on. Cell phones have continued to evolve, so Apple has the opportunity to continue their development and expansion of the iPhone and/or smartphone. Threats One of Apple’s biggest threats is the competition that the company faces. The next section of this paper will go into more depth regarding the competition that Apple faces, but the company faces big competitors such as Google, Samsung, and even Microsoft (Apple Inc, 2015). In addition to these competitors, Apple also faces threats overseas due to other countries expanding their own companies that are similar in nature to Apple. India has very strict laws when it comes to operating business there, so this causes some issues for Apple to establish a location to sell their products (Apple Inc, 2015). Competition While Apple, Inc. is a very successful company, they still face competition like any other company. According to Bhasin (2017), Apple’s top 5 competitors are Dell, Lenovo, Samsung, Hewlett Packard, and Microsoft. Each of these companies holds different reasons as to why they are strong competitors for Apple, but Dell is known for competing with Apple when it comes to their computers and/or laptops. Lenovo competes with Apple because the company has many similar products, such as laptops, smartphones, and even tablets (Bhasin, 2017). Samsung is one company that many consumers are familiar with due to the fact that the company offers a variety of products. Apple is in direct competition with Samsung when it comes to their smartphones; for example, the Galaxy and the Note are two of the most popular Samsung phones, which has had an effect on iPhone sales (Bhasin, 2017). Hewlett Packard is another popular company that focuses on selling desktop computers, laptops, printers, scanne rs, and other computer related items. According to Bhasin (2017), HP Inc. is one of Apple’s strongest competitors when it comes to the Macbook and other laptops. The last major competitor is the Microsoft Corporation which extremely well known by consumers, especially those that are utilizing a computer to do any work on Microsoft Word, Excel, or PowerPoint. What is actually quite interesting is that while Microsoft is considered to be Apple Inc.’s competitor, many Apple computers are ran using the Microsoft operating system (Bhasin, 2017). One thing that Microsoft has over Apple is the fact that the company has created software for video games, along with other products such as the Xbox. These five companies are only the top 5 competitors that Apple, Inc. faces daily, but there are a lot more. For example, the company also faces competitors such as Sony, Asus, Acer, Toshiba, and Pixel (Bhasin, 2017). One way that Apple, Inc. can remain competitive in the electronic, smartphone, computer market is to stay on top of the market trends and listen to what their customers are saying. Management Team/Leadership Each company has a management team of some sort that assists in managing and running the business. Initially, Apple started as a smaller company that didn’t require as many managers or leaders, but since then has grown to be such a large company that it does need more people to assist with running it. Tim Cook is the current Chief Executive Officer who is responsible for managing the operations and sales of the company. Apple, Inc. also has many individuals who are on the Board of Directors who assist the CEO in running the company and making sure that business runs smoothly and efficiently. For example, the Senior Vice President, the Chief Design Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, and the other Vice Presidents all report to and work under the CEO, Tim Cook. According to Tim Cook, employees are sent through a thorough orientation process upon being hired which is known as Apple University (Baer, 2015). Cook also mentions that it is up to the â€Å"company leaders to set th e tone† in order for the company to operate properly (Baer, 2015). Financial Outlook As previously mentioned, Apple has had a lot of success over the years as they continue to expand and bring in new products. Market capitalization, profits per share, net profits, share price, and sales led to the company’s income growth (Nicolas Marin Ximenez and Sanz, 2014). According to a recent report from Apple, the company has been successful in 2018 with bringing in $62.9 billion for the quarter, which ends up being about 20 percent higher than 2017 (Apple Reports, 2018). In the last quarter of 2018, Apple’s CEO mentioned that the company was very satisfied to exceed their quarterly expectations and hopes to attain their projections for the fiscal 2019 first quarter as well. In the first quarter of 2019 the company hopes to gain revenue of $89 billion to $93 billion, have operating expenses fall around $8.7 billion, tax rates to be around 16.5 percent, and their gross margin to fall around 38 percent (Apple Reports, 2018). Figure 2 shows how the company has conti nued to grow from 2016-2018 and also shows their projections for sales, EBITDA, operation profit, pre-tax profit, net income, and more for the years 2019-2021 (Apple Reports, 2018). Apples value continues to grow and surprise investors, and on August 2, 2018, the company was one of the very first American public companies to surpass $1 trillion in value (CNN Library, 2015). With this recent news and the stability of the company, many investors will likely begin the invest in the company if they aren’t already. Strategies Upon creating a company, the owners must discuss what type of strategies they are going to implement in order to help the company grow, make it an enjoyable place to work, receive and retain customers, and ultimately bring in revenue. A generic strategy can be defined as being one that has steps to help put the company into a good position within the industry (Unnamed Author, 2015). Going back to Apple’s mission statement, the company wants to continue to develop new products while also working to enhance the current products they do have on the market. While Apple, Inc. is working internationally, the company would like to continue to expand and establish more stores overseas. Conclusion This strategic plan took a thorough look into the history of the Apple, Inc. company, the products, and services that Apple, Inc. provides its customers, along with other examples of how the company operates their business. This plan provides a quick overview of the management team, leadership team, and the departments within the company. Apple, Inc. has had its struggles just like any other company, but as a whole, it has continued to grow into a very successful business. The products that Apple offers draw customers in due to the company’s ability to get ahead of the competition and produce new products that appeal to consumers. Apple’s goal is to create a positive culture for their employees, but also for their customers. With Apple’s strategic thinking and planning in place, along with their high revenue projections for the years coming up, the company is on track to continue to be successful. References Apple’s Executive Team. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://investor.apple.com/investor-relations/leadership-and-governance/default.aspx Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis. (2015). Apple, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1–10. Retrieved from https://ezproxy.apus.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=trueAuthType=ipdb=bthAN=110492953site=ehost-livescope=site Apple Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Apple_Inc. Apple Reports Fourth Quarter Results. (2018, November 1). Retrieved from https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2018/11/apple-reports-fourth-quarter-results/ Apple Stores. (2018, November 20). Retrieved from https://www.macrumors.com/roundup/apple-retail-stores/ Baer, D. (2015, March 19). How Tim Cook implants Apple’s culture into new employees. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/tim-cook-on-apples-culture-and-employees-2015-3 Bhasin, H. (2017, December 17). Top 11 Apple Competitors. Retrieved from https://www.marketing91.com/apple-competitors/ CNN Library. (2018, August 5). Apple Fast Facts. Retrieved from https://www.cnn.com/2014/07/01/business/apple-fast-facts/index.html Khan, U. A., Alam, M. N., Alam, S. (2015). A Critical Analysis of Internal and External Environment of Apple Inc.  International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management,  3(6), 955-961. Meyer, P. (2018, September 11). Apple Inc.’s Organizational Culture Its Characteristics (An Analysis). Retrieved from https://panmore.com/apple-inc-organizational-culture-features-implications Nicolà ¡s Marà ­n Ximà ©nez, J., Sanz, L.,J. (2014). Financial decision-making in a high-growth company: The case of apple incorporated. Management Decision, 52(9), 1591-1610. Retrieved from https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/docview/1651365093?accountid=8289 Operations. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.apple.com/jobs/us/teams/operations-and-supply-chain.html Richardson, A., Terrell, E. (2008, April). Apple Computer, Inc. Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/rr/business/businesshistory/April/apple.html Rowland, C. (2018, August 25). Apple Inc.’s Mission Statement and Vision Statement (An Analysis). Retrieved from https://panmore.com/apple-mission-statement-vision-statement Smithson, N. (2018, August 31). Apple Inc. SWOT Analysis Recommendations. Retrieved from https://panmore.com/apple-inc-swot-analysis-recommendations Think Marketing. (2016, January 11). Have you ever read about Apple’s core values? Retrieved from https://thinkmarketingmagazine.com/apple-core-values/ Unnamed Author. (2015). Mastering Strategic Management. Retrieved from https://apus.intelluslearning.com/lti/#/document/112675645/1/46c23f8b378f479291c9d5462673397b/d7f644a1fcfc8198244746cb734e3b26/browse_published_content/8515/49410/68093/1/lesson/lesson?hideClose=falsetagId=41793external_course_id=380506external_course_name=BUSN620%20I001%20Fall%2018 Williams-Grut, O. (2015, January 29). Apple’s iPhone: The most profitable product in history. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/analysis-and-features/apples-iphone-the-most-profitable-product-in-history-10009741.html Appendix Figure 1 [image: ] Note: Organizational structure of Apple, Inc. Retrieved from https://research-methodology.net/apple-organizational-structure-a-hierarchical-structure-that-may-change-in-near-future/ Figure 2 [image: C:\Users\Cayla PC\Downloads\FireShot\FireShot Capture 004 Apple _ Financials, _ https___www.marketscreener.com_APPLE-4849_financials_.png] Note: Annual Income Statement Data from 2016-2018 with projections for 2019-2021. Retrieved from https://www.marketscreener.com/APPLE-4849/financials/

Job Experience At The Busiest Store Of Gap - 1605 Words

†¢ Required Experience: For the position of general manager in the busiest store of GAP in downtown of Toronto, experience will be the key. Because store stays busy throughout the year as a result experienced manager will be able to handle the pressure and knows what to do when things are not going their ways. Experienced manager will be able to form a strategy to deal with the busiest time of the store. For this job experience should be between 3 to 5 years. †¢ Education: Education is just a measurement just to make sure that the applicants have the knowledge of different business areas. It is just to know that the person has the knowledge of the management and he has some theoretical knowledge of how can we manage the large firm.†¦show more content†¦The general manager is for the busiest store in downtown of Toronto. He has to deal with lots of employees and managers while he is working in the store. He has to assign tasks to every single person in the store. He has to make training plans for the store managers and also job related training for the employees in the store. He is also going to help the store managers making the schedules and assigning the duties to employees. †¢ Good organization ability: Why organization skill is necessary for the Manager? Organizational skills allow the managers to determine the supplies they need, how to manage and arrange the files. Organization skills can help you to plan and organise your time so that you can meet the deadlines of a project. Organization skills can help you to deal with all the resources available internal or external to the manager. †¢ Customer Service: Customer skills are really necessary when you are working in a retail store. Retail stores are mainly dependent on customers and customer service. These customer skills can help you to develop or update customer service policies. It can help you to understand and develop customer refund policies. (b) Resume Review: †¢ There are three members in our team and all of us are going to review all the 15 resumes individually according to our set criteria. †¢ Team Member 1(Payal Patel) is going to choose those applicants whose minimum six criteria should be matched to our 10 set criteria. †¢ Similarly for

Intention and Motive in Criminal Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1072 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Criminal Law Essay Did you like this example? Critically assess the ways in which the judges have differentiated between the concepts of intention and motive in the criminal law In lay terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“intentionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“motiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  are often employed interchangeably and without apparent distinction. This cannot be said to be so in the criminal law. Smith[1], commenting upon intention, states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It might be expected that the meaning of such a fundamental term would have been settled long ago but this is not so. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Intention and Motive in Criminal Law" essay for you Create order The cases are inconsistent, judicial opinion has recently changed and there is still some measure of uncertainty.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It is perhaps significant that none of the leading criminal law text books allow either intention or motive an indexed category of their own, referring the reader instead to the fundamental concept of mens rea. However, it should be noted that mens rea may not be equated with intention still less with motive. Mens rea is itself incapable of a single definition. Every crime has its own mens rea which must be ascertained from the words of the relevant statute or the appropriate case law. The term refers to that element of a criminal offence which relates to the mental state of the defendant. Different crimes require different mental states ranging from intention and knowledge to recklessness and negligence. In R v Maloney[2], the House of Lords made it clear that intention should in the vast majority of cases be afforded its ordinary meaning. Lord Bridge s tated (at p.926): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦when directing a jury on the mental element necessary in a crime of specific intent, the judge should avoid any elaboration or paraphrase of what is meant by intent, and leave it to the juryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s good sense to decide whether the accused acted with the necessary intentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This has not, however, prevented the judiciary from indulging in much soul-searching over the meaning of the term. The classic case relating to the requisite intention to commit the crime of murder was for a long time Hyam v DPP[3] in which the majority of the House of Lords held that foresight of high probability of serious bodily harm was a sufficient mens rea for murder even though such a state of mind did not even amount to an intention to cause grievous bodily harm. Thus it may be observed that so far as the requisite intention to commit murder is concerned, the mens rea in this case à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“malice aforethou ghtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  can be possessed by a defendant who does not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“intendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  deliberately to kill in any accepted sense of the term. Notwithstanding the simplicity of the approach in Maloney (supra), further direction has been found to be necessary in cases in which the result was not the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actual purposes even though the outcome was a highly probable consequence of his actions. Herring[4] cites the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“oft-quoted exampleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of the person who plants a bomb on an aeroplane hoping to destroy items which he has insured. He will not necessarily intend the death of the pilot even though this is an almost inevitable consequence of his actions. In R v Nedrick[5], Lord Lane CJ proposed that the jury be directed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“they are not entitled to infer the necessary intention, unless they feel sure that death or serious bodily harm was a virtual certainty (barring some unforeseen intervention) as a res ult of the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions and that the defendant appreciated that such was the caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This was the subject of challenge in the leading case of R v Woollin[6] in which the certified question was whether in murder a direction such as that proposed by Lord Lane CJ was necessary and, if so, whether such a direction was necessary in all cases or whether it was only necessary in cases where the sole evidence of intention was to be found in the actions of the defendant and their consequences for the victim. That case involved a defendant who killed his infant son by throwing him onto a hard surface in a fit of temper. The judge at first instance directed the jury that if they concluded that the appellant had appreciated that there was a substantial risk that the child would suffer serious harm they were entitled to convict him of murder. An appeal to the Court of Appeal was unsuccessful but the House of Lords quashed convictions of both murder and mansla ughter on the basis that where it was not the purpose of the defendant to cause death or serious harm, he should not be found to have the requisite mens rea unless the outcome was a virtually certain consequence of his actions and he appreciated that to be so. This concentration upon purpose may make it appear that intention should be regarded as very similar in meaning to motive. However, it remains the case that the two concepts should be very clearly distinguished. It was stated in Maloney (supra at p.926) that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“intention is something quite different from motive or desireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This is not to say, however, that a consideration of motive is entirely unhelpful. Smith (Op. Cit., p.96 supplies the example of a defendant who puts poison in his uncleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tea with the intention of killing him in order to inherit his money. That author suggests that the motive (to inherit the money) should be entirely distinguished from the actus reus and the me ns rea and that motive is therefore à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by definitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  irrelevant to criminal responsibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It is submitted, however, that Herring (Op. Cit., p.143) supplies a pragmatic and preferable analysis. He suggests that where a person who has put rat poison into a persons food who happens to expect a legacy upon that personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s death, the jury is far less likely to believe that the administration of the poison was an absent-minded mistake rather than an intended act. Thus, while the courts have ostensibly tended to eschew considerations of motive in assessing the existence of intent, it is submitted that an examination of the rationale behind a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions can often provide a useful tool in assessing their purpose and thus their true state of mind allowing an appropriate conclusion to be drawn as to the presence or otherwise of the requisite mens rea. Bibliography Herring, J., Criminal Law, Text, Cases and Materials, (2004) Smith, J., Smith Hogan, Criminal Law (10th Ed., 2003) Westlaw 1 Footnotes [1] Smith, J., Smith Hogan, Criminal Law (10th Ed., 2003), p.70 [2] [1985] AC 905 [3] [1975] AC 55 [4] Criminal Law, Text, Cases and Materials, (2004), p.144 [5] [1986] 1 WLR 1025 [6] [1999] AC 82

The Technological Advances Of The Great Gatsby - 3475 Words

1. Introduction Ever since the fall we have not been unable to physically restore our glorious Eden experience, nor could we fix the mistake that Adam started with either good living or hard work. No council could be gathered; no theologian could negotiate his or her way out of our deserving judgment. We were indebted with sin, unable to choose right from wrong. God’s creation was just running around since birth with no clue as to who are or what was if any power was in us. We are like blind sheep aimlessly moving about with no direction, guidance or supervision. But is that the case? Are we helplessly wrapped in flesh and â€Å"totally depraved† as normal human beings? Depraved seems like such a solemn condition for such a sophisticated race of people who have achieved so many great things. Consider the technological advances we have accomplished, such as moving from horse driven wagons to electric powered cars or only communicating via close proximity to communicating via cell phones and email. There was a time when all people lived in tents or makeshift homes, however, now were capable of erecting buildings hundreds of stories in the air. Was God, not apart of this? Did He not use these people? Was He not aware of our abilities before we were conceived? The depraved state of humans would suggest we are in some parts incapable of good. How could one be total depraved, without hope, and still able to do all these things? Nevertheless, some would think that depravity means weShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1271 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Dream Essay By: Mary C. Watts In his novel,The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald attempted to explore the American Dream during a corrupt period of the 20’s. 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As a result, the American Dream slowly becomes less accessible to the lowerRead Moreâ€Å"the Great Gatsby Is a Story of Infatuation and Disenchantment†. How Far and in What Ways Do You Agree with This View of the Great Gatsby and One Other Novel You Have Read.2179 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Great Gatsby is a story of infatuation and disen chantment†. How far and in what ways do you agree with this view of The Great Gatsby and one other novel you have read. The Great Gatsby is a novel that, superficially, seems like the tragic story of infatuation and misunderstanding. However, set in 1920s America, it can be read in a number of different ways. This post-war period was a time of economic boom and rapid change in technological advances led to fashionable, more affluent and carefreeRead MoreWomens Rights In The 1920s Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920s brought many positive changes that are important to Canadian history. This era started the advances of women’s rights, entertainment, and technology. The innovations they started have contributed to the 21st century. The breakthroughs they made have continued to develop, and will further expand in the future. The 1920s began the uphill battle for womens rights within politics, personal life, and education. Up until the 1920s women weren’t allowed to vote. They pressed for the NineteenthRead MoreHistory Writing : The Roaring Twenties2067 Words   |  9 PagesNicolette Johnston Mr. Boardman History Writing Lab Period 6 January 8, 2015 WA #4 The 1920s, also known as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†, was a time period of great prosperity. During the 1920s, major changes occurred. The Twenties marked the start of a new lifestyle for the world, in which styles such as appearances were different, the system of money changed, and things were viewed much differently than they were in past generations. There was a major shift in living conditions

Topic 1 Mary Parker Follett Has Been Described by...

Topic 1: Mary Parker Follett has been described by Schermerhorn et al. (2011) as an Administrative Theorist within the Classical approach to management. However, others have seen her as ahead of her time, and have even described her as thoroughly modern (Hurst, 1992).What were Mary Parker Follett s main contributions to management thought and practice; how do they relate to Classical management theory; and how are they relevant to practicing managers in contemporary organisations? ‘Classical approach to management mainly concerned with the increasing the efficiency of workers and organisations based on management practices, which were an outcome of careful observation. Besides, administration principles are based on attempts to†¦show more content†¦In other words power should be jointly developed between management and employees and not employed in a coercive way by management. Power is one of the problems in organisation. Follett said that ‘the question of power was the central problem of social relations’ (Follett, 1930, p.12). She did not think that power can be deputed but she believed in giving employees opportunities to gain his or her own power. Follett was only interested in studying how an organisation will give power while the others had been paid attention to the division of power and how to achieve it. She said: ‘So far as my observation has gone, it seems to me that whereas power usually means power-over, the po wer of some person or group over some other person or group, it is possible to develop the conception of power-with’ (Follett, 1940, p.101). Follett announced that only ‘power-with’ was acceptable. She explained this: â€Å"True power then is ‘power-with’ another, not ‘power-other’ another. Until everyone within an organisation realises that they are bound together, each will see only their own situation. â€Å"Power with† can only come from obedience to a single, shared situation(Dynamic Administration (DA), 1965, p.100). Perhaps this is why managers in the 1970s seemed so powerless to implement their strategies. They had ‘power over’ – but the strategies themselves did not generate ‘power with’.(Mary Parker Follett, 1930) ‘Follett’s writings are probably most relevant to us

The Company Profile Whittaker Sons, Ltd Essay

Company Profile – Start Date - Founded in 1896 Short Description - J.H. Whittaker Sons, Ltd (Whittaker s) is a confectionery manufacturer specializing in chocolate and based in Porirua, New Zealand. Whittaker s is the second-biggest chocolate brand in New Zealand, behind Cadbury. The company controls its entire manufacturing process, calling itself a bean-to-bar manufacturer, to ensure top-quality products. James Henry Whittaker started the business in Christchurch in 1896 and it was later moved to Wellington. Company Overview - James Henry Whittaker got his taste for chocolate when he was just 14 year’s old, working in the British confectionery industry. He arrived in New Zealand in 1890 and began manufacturing confectionery from his home in Christchurch just six years later, selling his chocolate direct to his customers by horse and van. In 1913, Whittaker established a partnership with his two sons, Ronald and James. Thus, J.H. Whittaker Sons was created, with a base in Wellington and a mission to bring the Whittakers fine confectionery to the rest of New Zealand. The business took off, prospering at a steady rate during the war years. In 1931, Woolworths Australia opened stores in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin and we were selected to supply them with a wide range of confectionery. J.H. Whittaker Sons became a limited liability company in 1937, and the Whittakers still own the business: third-generation Whittakers Andrew and Brian are theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Henry Whitakers s A Mini Club Man Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pageschocolate expertise into business and e himself sells it door to door. (And now this was the third generation of Whittaker family leading this business in chocolate world.) In 1896 he moved to wellington to make Australia’s premium chocolate from them he started elaborating his business. In 1913, his sons Ronald James join him in partnership to for J.H.Whittaker and sons. This company supports motor equestrian sports nationality (Newzealand’s).Their Business took off over the years with chocolatesRead MoreBusiness Analysis Of Whittaker Sons, Ltd Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' Company Profile – Start Date - Founded in 1896 Short Description - J.H. Whittaker Sons, Ltd (Whittaker s) is a confectionery producer having some expertise in chocolate and situated in Porirua, New Zealand. Whittaker s is the second-greatest chocolate mark in New Zealand, behind Cadbury. The organization controls its whole assembling procedure, calling itself a bean-to-bar producer, to guarantee top-quality items. James Henry Whittaker began the business in Christchurch in 1896 and itRead MoreCadbury Scweppes Swot and Environments14542 Words   |  59 Pagesenvironments: Political Chocolate and confectionary producers are affected by various decisions of the government. In order to trade as an ethical, safe and fairtrade company, chocolate and confectionary producers are necessitated to follow these laws. This will also help to build a bigger customer base seeing that if a company act fairly and safely, customers are more likely to support a business. This will in turn also increase their revenue. Factors Chocolate and confectionary producers haveRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 PagesDesigns and Patents Act 1988. First published 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan ® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union andRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesHow Good Are My Listening Skills? 360 Questions for Review 360 Experiential Exercise An Absence of Nonverbal Communication 361 Ethical Dilemma Pitfalls of E-Mail 361 Case Incident 1 Using Social Media to Your Advantage 362 Case Incident 2 Should Companies That Fire Shoot First? 362 12 Leadership 367 What Is Leadership? 368 Trait Theories 369 Behavioral Theories 370 Summary of Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories 372 Contingency Theories 372 The Fiedler Model 373 †¢ Other Contingency TheoriesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesUniversity Joanne Duberley Birmingham Business School, The University of Birmingham Phil Johnson The Management School, The University of Sheffield . Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsoned.co.uk First published 2007  © Pearson Education Limited 2007 The rights of Joanne Duberley, Phil Johnson and John McAuley to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted

Enclave Tourism Versus Agritourism System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss aout the Enclave Tourism Versus Agritourism System. Answer: Introduction: This plan helps in the strengthening of the tourism sector, helps in the improvement of job and used to develop the working skills in the youth. The positive impact of this program is increase in the social networking which will help in reducing the isolation during the visit in the farm. It also increases the pride of the community through the engagement of the community (Boley et al. 2014). This plan will also help to secure the employment needs of the community in the present and in future. The negative impacts of this plan are reduction in the capacity of businesses in the survival period of the economic loss. This loss also effects on the survival of the community because due to the poor prospects of the work the migration occurs both inside the country and to other countries. The negative standards of the society and the economy will lead to the reduction in the standards of the mental health (Carneiro, Eusbio and Caldeira 2017). The intended consequences of LFSP in development of work in agro-tourism are that the society and the economy are motivated in such a manner which generally focuses on the strength of the existing community which are relevant and had been used practically. As the time passes the local measures are to be supported by the collaboration of the measures of the region; the supplementary income had been improved and the financial support could be achieved by the mobilization of the resources and the networking of the region. The access can be improved for both the socio-economic benefits through participation and the management of the plan can be achieved by the help of the committees that are nominated by the local peoples. There is a development of the sets of new skills by providing practical training and this will help in increasing the prospects of job across the world (Milner et al. 2014). The development of the new skills of the workers will increase the prospects of job among the youth in the agro-tourism industry (e.g. manual labor to business management). For the agriculturists, stress can be alleviated with help amid crest gathering seasons, expanding merchandise creation for more noteworthy accumulating and conveyance. The chance to share the frequently private and disconnecting cultivating way of life can likewise exhibit huge social prizes for people (Hwang and Lee 2015). In the agro tourism industry, both the agrarian item and the farmhouse are the primary parts of the business. Consequently, by enabling an untrained laborer to work in the improvement of the item may prompt different unintended outcomes. These unintended results bargains of the great nature of sustenance, delays in the improvement of the item, increment in the word related wellbeing, increment in the introduction to the allergens of the conditions (e.g. dust), increment in the anxiety administration with the assistance of the volunteers, which the agro tourism income does not adjust with the endeavors that are required for the manageability of program. According to the advocacy toolkit: The issue: The agro tourism can be done in a particular time of the season when the farming is done. Rest of the time the workers those are working in this industry loses their work due to which they become unemployed which leads to the low income of the whole family. This low income leads to the migration of the people in search of finding some job so that their rate of income increases. Now for reducing this unemployment and migration a strategic plan can be developed which will help in maintaining the employment (Park et al. 2014). There are many factors which leads to low income, but the most important factor is unemployment. Unemployment generally creates a shortage of financial stability which gradually leads to low income and eventually towards poverty. The unemployed people and their families will have a low standard of living as compared to the employed people. The answer: After preparing this strategic plan, I will ask a local farm for implementing this plan and have a watch that does this plan is working or not. For making the farm committee to implement this plan, I will describe them that at the time of the season when there is no farming the youth become unemployed at that time you may apply this plan in which you can engage the workers in some different tasks or train them for farming by providing them certain amount of wages (Park et al. 2014). The audience: For implementing the strategy I will choose some of the farm and their committee members to address the strategy plan. The best way to communicate with them is by presentation which will describe them about the plan. Timing: Most of the people are ready to listen because they dont want to be unemployed or leave their home and migrate. Personal cost: The farmers and the wholesalers generally decide the pricing of the tourism. The direct consumer must be charged the full price for the products. The tour guide receives a 10% discount from the farm. The wholesaler receives a 20-20% of discount which will depend upon profit or loss of the agro-tourism (Lane and Kastenholz 2015). Various numbers of assumptions have been made for this proposal, which includes a real interest, wish and need for expanding the tourism. With this strategy the youths will get the capacity for the participation, which increases the number of population in the workers from the community. This strategy will help the farmers to have time for their development and skills; it will provide the interests in the training of the youth and the outcome of the plan will be equal for all of the stakeholders (i.e. farmers, investors and participants) (Naidoo and Pearce 2016). Despite of the given limitations, the LFSP is the appropriate plan for the worker and the farmer in the agro-tourism industry, given that manual labor and outdoor activities are likely to be lifestyle interests for this age group. Further it can be said that, utilization of the existing resources, the strengths and the interests of the community, will help to develop a sustainable model for the promotion of health which will empower the total community through the increase in action, the engagement of a farmer and collaboration with the market and the stakeholders, among the people of different age group and different business sectors (Barcus, H., 2014). References Barcus, H., 2014. Sustainable development or integrated rural tourism? Considering the overlap in rural development strategies.Journal of Rural and Community Development,8(3). Boley, B.B., McGehee, N.G., Perdue, R.R. and Long, P., 2014. Empowerment and resident attitudes toward tourism: Strengthening the theoretical foundation through a Weberian lens.Annals of Tourism Research,49, pp.33-50. Carneiro, M.J., Eusbio, C. and Caldeira, A., 2017. The Influence of Social Contact in Residents Perceptions of the Tourism Impact on Their Quality of Life: A Structural Equation Model.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism, pp.1-30. Hwang, J. and Lee, S., 2015. The effect of the rural tourism policy on non-farm income in South Korea. Tourism management,46, pp.501-513. Lane, B. and Kastenholz, E., 2015. Rural tourism: the evolution of practice and research approachestowards a new generation concept?.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(8-9), pp.1133-1156. Milner, J.M., Van Beest, F.M., Schmidt, K.T., Brook, R.K. and Storaas, T., 2014. To feed or not to feed? Evidence of the intended and unintended effects of feeding wild ungulates.The Journal of Wildlife Management,78(8), pp.1322-1334. Naidoo, P. and Pearce, P.L., 2016. Enclave tourism versus agritourism: the economic debate.Current Issues in Tourism, pp.1-20. Park, D.B., Doh, K.R. and Kim, K.H., 2014. Successful managerial behaviour for farm-based tourism: A functional approach.Tourism Management,45, pp.201-210.

Motivating and Leading Borders

Question: Write an essay onMotivating and leading across borders: managing teams and diversity. Answer: Motivation is used to describe the process that can trigger an individual so that he or she can still stay focused on the task ahead. In other words, motivation can be used to define the factors that keep an individual interested in going on with a certain project or task. These factors range widely from social, biological to emotional and cognitive forces which affect how an individual acts. There are a number of theories that have been proposed that explains the various aspects of motivation such as Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory. In a diversified society, there are a lot of leadership skills and coordination is required to keep the people motivated. A diversified team can consist of members from different nationalities. In this case, the leader should be able to deal with each member effectively. The understanding of a cross-cultural society will help the leader to decide on the effective approach to use in leading the organization.Managing teams in an organization involve coordin ating the efforts of all in individuals in an organization so at to achieve the set goals. A well-managed team is always motivated and such the organization will be destined for success. A motivated team will perform better than a demotivated team. However, maintaining a team is also of great concern since if a developed team is not well managed then the team may fall apart and this will have a great impact on the team. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the team leader to understand his or her team and know how well to manage it. An effective leader should understand the capabilities of his team. The leader should also understand his or her leadership skills and correctly execute them for the success of the organization. The leader must be able to understand the diversity that exists in his or her team and coordinates it for better performance.Diversity may be defined as the difference that exists among individuals that are, qualities in a given group of individual that are mis sing in another group. Diversity may be due to different to age, race etc. Diversity has a great impact on an individuals performance, and how she or he will be motivated while interacting with others. The diversity in a team can be of great help to an organization and as such a leader should be able to exploit it. This report, therefore, will discuss some of the management issues and challenges in a cross-cultural environment that are, a diversified environment and how well to motivate people in such an environment so that they may use their capabilities and differences to reach their potential. The report will also describe the meaning of work and describe some of the approaches that can be used to motivate individuals in a given organization. In addition, the report will describe the needs hierarchy; this is one of the theories that are used to describe ways of keeping an individual motivated. It will also discuss leadership in a diversified society. Also, the types of leadership will be discussed. The variance in the culture and how leaders can use such differences for the development of the organization are discussed. In general, the report describes effective leadership in a diversified environment and the challenges associated with managing a diversified society (Mitchell, Boyle, Parker, Giles, Chiang Joyce, 2015) Management Challenges Managing an organization or a team may pose a lot of challenges especially if the leader is dealing with a diversified team. These challenges may range widely depending on qualities that bring about the diversity. The following are some of the challenges associated with managing a diversified organization or society;1. Poor communicationEffective communication is the driving force of any given team. For a team to perform well both the leader and the team members need to have a formal way of how they exchange information amongst themselves. In a diversified team, this is a great challenge especially if the individuals on a team have different cultural background and linguistic differences. Since different cultures have different values and consider some aspects as appropriate and others inappropriate, it may result in communication challenges among the team members. In addition, a team may consist of individuals who have different communicating styles depending on the age, gender, and religion (Kirton, Greene 2015). This may result in misunderstanding and thus misinterpretation of information which will, in turn, affect the performance of a team. In managing a diverse team leaders should be able to encourage the members to adopt a common communication method and appreciate the each others differences.2. HegemonyThis is a case where a certain group in a team or organization is much dominant than others. In an organization that consists of individuals from different cultures, the challenge of majority hegemony may arise due to the dominance of a given group over another. In such a case a company may tend to develop a business culture that favors the majority group over the minority group. This can discourage the minority group resulting into underperformance of the team. Alternatively, the less dominant group may join the dominant group to feel as part of the company. It is, therefore, important for the team leader to understand the differences that exist in his or her team and try to have them work together without making a particular group or individual feel as an outsider.3. ResistanceA given team may consist of individuals who are not ready to accept the diversity that the team has. Such individuals may not be ready to cope with the existing diversity plan in a team and therefore, its implementation may be a challenge. With such attitudes in a team, some individual become demoralized and demotivated leading to a decrease in the performance of the team. Leaders should be able to motivate their team members so as to overcome this resistance and improve the performance of the team (Siegel 2015).4. GroupthinkThis refers to a decision that has been generally arrived at by a majority of people. Groupthink is normally used by team members as a means of simplifying meetings and minimizes arguments in an organization. This would in effect lead to assimilation of other individuals perspectives and thus, the teams potential might not be fully expl oited. A leader should devise an effective strategy that will allow all the team members to share their perspectives without being forced to assimilate their thinking with that of the groupthink.Meaning of WorkThe advancement of technology has led to a different perspective of work. Work can be defined based on the following three aspects; the significance of work, the work values, and the work coherence (Shek Chung 2015).The significance of work describes the attributes that an individual attaches to his or her work and how he or she represents it. It also explains the importance of work to ones life.Work values describe the commitment that one has towards life and the aspects that guide one in his or her work. There are generally five major aspects including; autonomy, self-achievement, risk-taking, social interactions, and social advancement.Work coherence defines the balance that exists between ones work and him. The Needs HierarchyFor a team to perform efficiently, the members need to be motivated. There are a lot of techniques used by leaders to keep their team members motivated so that they may work effectively to achieve a companys objectives. The needs theories explain some of the internal factors that may motivate an individual to act in a given way. Needs may be defined as shortages in certain aspects of an individuals life and these will always influence the behavior of that particular individual.One of the most common needs theory is, Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs theory which states that ones motivation is as a result of an attempt to satisfy the five basic needs that include; self-actualization, physiological, esteem, social, and safety.In the international context, leaders should consider the above five needs so that every employee stays motivated to perform according to his or her potential. This will include;Physiological needs; this describes the basic needs necessary for survival. Employees should be provided with good working conditi ons. The conditions need to be favorable for everyone and not just a selected few.Safety needs; the leader should be able to guarantee the team members security for their finances, health etc. without showing favoritism.Social needs; managing a team consisting of individuals from different nationalities will involve developing effective means that will encourage interaction and collaboration among employees (Drucker 2007).Thus, it is necessary for a leader to consider the above needs among others while managing a diversified team.Motivation of PeopleMotivation is a word that originates from the noun motive, a motive is referred to as that aspect or thing that prompts an individual to act in a certain way (Wood 1991).Motivation refers to a persons direction to behavior or an aspect or factor that may make an individual have the want to repeat some behavior. The motivation of people is however associated with some advantages and disadvantages. These may include;Advantages Interest and Responsibility When employees are always motivated by their employers, the interest level and the zeal to work for that company tends to be so much increased. Assets Employ motivation plays an important part on the behavior employees behavior. It is easier, therefore, to convince an employee who is continuously motivated to always remain working in your organization. In this way, an employ may become an asset of a company. Efficiency In an organization where the employees are continuously motivated, the organization of such company tends to be a working one. Disadvantages Lack of interest - A company may at times award a group of employees as a sign of motivation, the group that is not motivated may, therefore, lack interest in the organization. Lack of co-operation group of employees who are not motivated in a company will always tend to lose hope and trust in the company and thus, fail to co-operate with other employees. Tension Strike, demos, rumors etc from a group of empl oyees who are not motivated may always cause chaos, tension or disruption at the business premises. Motivation is divided into two types. The following are the two types of motivation;1. Intrinsic MotivationThis involves the desire of oneself to seek out new things or technologies and technical challenges to make a self-evaluation on an individuals ability to make observations and acquire knowledge. For instance, an employ may opt to be an IT professional so as to learn more about computers. The employee is thus, said to have intrinsic motivation to acquire more understanding and knowledge (Lussier Achua 2015).2. Extrinsic MotivationHere, the performance of an individual is based on the outcome that they desire to achieve. For instance, when the crowd is cheering for a team to win a match on which some trophy is tagged. LeadershipLeadership is the acts of making somebody do a task you want to be done because he is willing to do it (Dwight D. Eisenhower).Leadership can also be defin ed as an act whereby a person gets other people to achieve a set goal or objective and drives these people in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. An effective leader should always portray the following attributes; Should be able to make a vision that is inspirational on the future. Should motivate people and inspire the people to engage with the vision Should be able to manage the delivery of the vision Should train and build a team that will be helpful in achieving the vision.Factors of LeadershipThere are four major factors of leadership. These factors may include; Situation Leader Communication Follower1. FollowerA leader must now his people. Followers require the attention of different levels. A more experienced worker will require more supervision as compared to a less experienced worker. Likewise, an employee with a higher degree of motivation will tend to have more understanding of the company than the one who not motivated.2. CommunicationFor an effective leader ship, there has to be a two-way communication between the leader and his followers.Whatever the communication and how the communication is made by a leader towards the followers will either build or harm the relationship between them. For instance, in a company, when the leaders communicate positively about the remuneration of the employees, the employees would react positively and this would directly build on their relationship (Prochaska, Sampayo Carter 2015).3. SituationSituations that may meet people are totally different. How you handle one situation will totally be different from how you will be handling another. It is, therefore, advisable that ones judgment and the leadership style will make him/her decide on the best course of action. 4. LeaderA leader must have a true understanding of whom they are, their knowledge, and what they can actually, manage to do. The followers are always the determinants of a good leader; they will only be inspired if they have trust and confid ence in their leader. To be successful, a leader needs to convince the followers, not himself or his superiors, that he is actually, worthy to be followed.Cross-Cultural Research on LeadershipLeadership is an aspect applicable everywhere in everyday life. Leadership is applicable institutions, entities, states and all over the world.Leadership NatureLeadership can be referred to as both a process and a property. As a process, leadership usually hails on what is basically done by the authorities. As a property, leadership refers to set of characteristics of the individuals who are perceived to be leaders. The different natures can be as follows; Leaders should be very much influential to their followers behavior. They can influence the employees to either work recklessly or do good work for the company. A good leader should, therefore, empower and motivate hi/her followers to positively influence their behavior (Wrzesniewski, Dutton Debebe 2003). Leadership is much concerned with va lues. Leaders can be good teachers of ethics and thus, they can reinforce ideas. Leaders should therefore not be hypocritical but should portray positive statements of ethics. This will influence the behavior of the followers.Types of LeadershipThere are quite a number of leadership styles/types. Some of these types are explained below;1. Situational LeadershipThis leadership style is based on the situation of the followers as well as the situation of the economy. Situational leadership model majorly focuses on the nature of the task as the major variable. There are four options in the practice of this model; telling, selling, participating and delegating (Hershey and Blanchards Model of Situational Leadership).2. The Autocratic Style of LeadershipIn this leadership style, it operates on control and ones perception of how much control should be given to others. For instance, the kind of leadership in firms where there are the Chief Executive Officers.3. Bureaucratic Leadership Style This is more of similar to the autocratic style of leadership. The two types of leadership styles go together like the car and fuel. Bureaucratic style of leadership has to do with obedience to authority (Murphy Johnson 2016).4. Cross-Cultural Style of Leadership This style of leadership is basically based on the culture of the followers that a lead is having authority over.5. Strategic LeadershipThis style of leadership is more operational among the military services such as the United States Army, US Air Force, and large corporations. This leadership aims to outwit this competition through strategized methods of accomplishing this (Deci Ryan 1975).Contingency LeadershipContingency theory of leadership postulates that for leadership to be effective, the leaders style of leadership and strategies must match the right situations. Contingency Leadership tends to define a number of factors. These factors may include; The structure of the task This refers to the measure of task that has been levied and the methods to achieve the desired results. Positional Power This refers to the authority that a leader has to influence how productive the followers can be. The leader should be in a position to either reward or punish the followers. Relationsh ip The relationship that exists between the leader and his followers should be a good one to enhance the productivity of the economy. Conclusion Some aspects have been covered in this study and each of them has been given the best attention. Some of the conclusions from the above discussion include; It is evident that the best leadership solely depends on the relationship between the leader and his followers. The followers will support the leader if he actually delivers to the expectation of the followers. The leaders, therefore, need to build trust and confidence among their followers in an organization. Good leadership has basic four elements that must be understood in order to lead efficiently. It comprises the leader, followers, situations, and communication. All these four must be properly in good rapport to enhance efficiency in leadership. Therefore, situation and how it is handled will depend much on the factors that are surrounding the organization or the person in such a situation. Motivation is an aspect that can positively influence the behaviors of the employees. Leaders, therefore, should regularly motivate the employees so that they can maintain the zeal of giving their best to the company. Management is often associated with a number of challenges. These challenges, however, may be dealt with by setting up strategies such as motivating the employees and always understanding their situations and the situation of the economy. The employees who are continuous motivation are more productive and more quality oriented. This will mean the working environment will be very much favorable. Leadership to depend much on your followers. The number that follows a leader can actually, suggest if actually the leader is hated or loved by the individuals he/she is leading. People tend to follow those leaders who seem to accomplish their set goals and objectives. A leader who is delivering according to the peoples expectation will consequently, have a huge number of followers. Leadership requires physical and psychological fitness. A leader must have the strength, power and ability to meet the bodily requi rements; zeal, energy and patience to meet the mental requirements for leadership. Strategic leadership focuses on competitive nature of operating an organization. Leadership requires regular motivation of followers. Motivation and leadership are closely related and interconnected. A good leadership foundation needs to understand the meaning of motivation and how a person should be motivated. A leader can encourage or discourage the workers motivation by either creating a favorable working environment or an unfavorable working environment. References Berry, L.M. and Houston, J.P., 1993. Psychology at work. WCB/McGraw-Hill.Certo, S., 2015. Supervision: Concepts and skill-building. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.Davidson, J.C. and Caddell, D.P., 1994. Religion and the meaning of work. Journal for the scientific study of religion, pp.135-147.Deci, E.L. and Ryan, R.M., 1975. Intrinsic motivation. John Wiley Sons, Inc..Drucker, P.F., 2007. Management challenges for the 21st century. Routledge.Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K.H., 1993. Management of organizational behavior: Utilizing human resources . Prentice-Hall, Inc.Kirton, G. and Greene, A.M., 2015. The dynamics of managing diversity: A critical approach. Routledge.Levi, D., 2016. Group dynamics for teams. Sage Publications.Li, Y., 2016. The Impact of Leadership Behavior on Employee Engagement (Doctoral dissertation, LAWRENCE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY).Lussier, R. and Achua, C., 2015. Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education.Markus, H.R. and Kitayama, S., 199 1. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological review, 98(2), p.224.Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge.Mitchell, R., Boyle, B., Parker, V., Giles, M., Chiang, V. and Joyce, P., 2015. Managing Inclusiveness and Diversity in Teams: How Leader Inclusiveness Affects Performance through Status and Team Identity. 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