Job Experience At The Busiest Store Of Gap - 1605 Words

†¢ Required Experience: For the position of general manager in the busiest store of GAP in downtown of Toronto, experience will be the key. Because store stays busy throughout the year as a result experienced manager will be able to handle the pressure and knows what to do when things are not going their ways. Experienced manager will be able to form a strategy to deal with the busiest time of the store. For this job experience should be between 3 to 5 years. †¢ Education: Education is just a measurement just to make sure that the applicants have the knowledge of different business areas. It is just to know that the person has the knowledge of the management and he has some theoretical knowledge of how can we manage the large firm.†¦show more content†¦The general manager is for the busiest store in downtown of Toronto. He has to deal with lots of employees and managers while he is working in the store. He has to assign tasks to every single person in the store. He has to make training plans for the store managers and also job related training for the employees in the store. He is also going to help the store managers making the schedules and assigning the duties to employees. †¢ Good organization ability: Why organization skill is necessary for the Manager? Organizational skills allow the managers to determine the supplies they need, how to manage and arrange the files. Organization skills can help you to plan and organise your time so that you can meet the deadlines of a project. Organization skills can help you to deal with all the resources available internal or external to the manager. †¢ Customer Service: Customer skills are really necessary when you are working in a retail store. Retail stores are mainly dependent on customers and customer service. These customer skills can help you to develop or update customer service policies. It can help you to understand and develop customer refund policies. (b) Resume Review: †¢ There are three members in our team and all of us are going to review all the 15 resumes individually according to our set criteria. †¢ Team Member 1(Payal Patel) is going to choose those applicants whose minimum six criteria should be matched to our 10 set criteria. †¢ Similarly for

Intention and Motive in Criminal Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1072 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Criminal Law Essay Did you like this example? Critically assess the ways in which the judges have differentiated between the concepts of intention and motive in the criminal law In lay terms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“intentionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“motiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  are often employed interchangeably and without apparent distinction. This cannot be said to be so in the criminal law. Smith[1], commenting upon intention, states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“It might be expected that the meaning of such a fundamental term would have been settled long ago but this is not so. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Intention and Motive in Criminal Law" essay for you Create order The cases are inconsistent, judicial opinion has recently changed and there is still some measure of uncertainty.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It is perhaps significant that none of the leading criminal law text books allow either intention or motive an indexed category of their own, referring the reader instead to the fundamental concept of mens rea. However, it should be noted that mens rea may not be equated with intention still less with motive. Mens rea is itself incapable of a single definition. Every crime has its own mens rea which must be ascertained from the words of the relevant statute or the appropriate case law. The term refers to that element of a criminal offence which relates to the mental state of the defendant. Different crimes require different mental states ranging from intention and knowledge to recklessness and negligence. In R v Maloney[2], the House of Lords made it clear that intention should in the vast majority of cases be afforded its ordinary meaning. Lord Bridge s tated (at p.926): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦when directing a jury on the mental element necessary in a crime of specific intent, the judge should avoid any elaboration or paraphrase of what is meant by intent, and leave it to the juryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s good sense to decide whether the accused acted with the necessary intentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This has not, however, prevented the judiciary from indulging in much soul-searching over the meaning of the term. The classic case relating to the requisite intention to commit the crime of murder was for a long time Hyam v DPP[3] in which the majority of the House of Lords held that foresight of high probability of serious bodily harm was a sufficient mens rea for murder even though such a state of mind did not even amount to an intention to cause grievous bodily harm. Thus it may be observed that so far as the requisite intention to commit murder is concerned, the mens rea in this case à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“malice aforethou ghtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  can be possessed by a defendant who does not à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“intendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  deliberately to kill in any accepted sense of the term. Notwithstanding the simplicity of the approach in Maloney (supra), further direction has been found to be necessary in cases in which the result was not the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actual purposes even though the outcome was a highly probable consequence of his actions. Herring[4] cites the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“oft-quoted exampleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of the person who plants a bomb on an aeroplane hoping to destroy items which he has insured. He will not necessarily intend the death of the pilot even though this is an almost inevitable consequence of his actions. In R v Nedrick[5], Lord Lane CJ proposed that the jury be directed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“they are not entitled to infer the necessary intention, unless they feel sure that death or serious bodily harm was a virtual certainty (barring some unforeseen intervention) as a res ult of the defendantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions and that the defendant appreciated that such was the caseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This was the subject of challenge in the leading case of R v Woollin[6] in which the certified question was whether in murder a direction such as that proposed by Lord Lane CJ was necessary and, if so, whether such a direction was necessary in all cases or whether it was only necessary in cases where the sole evidence of intention was to be found in the actions of the defendant and their consequences for the victim. That case involved a defendant who killed his infant son by throwing him onto a hard surface in a fit of temper. The judge at first instance directed the jury that if they concluded that the appellant had appreciated that there was a substantial risk that the child would suffer serious harm they were entitled to convict him of murder. An appeal to the Court of Appeal was unsuccessful but the House of Lords quashed convictions of both murder and mansla ughter on the basis that where it was not the purpose of the defendant to cause death or serious harm, he should not be found to have the requisite mens rea unless the outcome was a virtually certain consequence of his actions and he appreciated that to be so. This concentration upon purpose may make it appear that intention should be regarded as very similar in meaning to motive. However, it remains the case that the two concepts should be very clearly distinguished. It was stated in Maloney (supra at p.926) that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“intention is something quite different from motive or desireà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . This is not to say, however, that a consideration of motive is entirely unhelpful. Smith (Op. Cit., p.96 supplies the example of a defendant who puts poison in his uncleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tea with the intention of killing him in order to inherit his money. That author suggests that the motive (to inherit the money) should be entirely distinguished from the actus reus and the me ns rea and that motive is therefore à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by definitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  irrelevant to criminal responsibilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It is submitted, however, that Herring (Op. Cit., p.143) supplies a pragmatic and preferable analysis. He suggests that where a person who has put rat poison into a persons food who happens to expect a legacy upon that personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s death, the jury is far less likely to believe that the administration of the poison was an absent-minded mistake rather than an intended act. Thus, while the courts have ostensibly tended to eschew considerations of motive in assessing the existence of intent, it is submitted that an examination of the rationale behind a personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions can often provide a useful tool in assessing their purpose and thus their true state of mind allowing an appropriate conclusion to be drawn as to the presence or otherwise of the requisite mens rea. Bibliography Herring, J., Criminal Law, Text, Cases and Materials, (2004) Smith, J., Smith Hogan, Criminal Law (10th Ed., 2003) Westlaw 1 Footnotes [1] Smith, J., Smith Hogan, Criminal Law (10th Ed., 2003), p.70 [2] [1985] AC 905 [3] [1975] AC 55 [4] Criminal Law, Text, Cases and Materials, (2004), p.144 [5] [1986] 1 WLR 1025 [6] [1999] AC 82

The Technological Advances Of The Great Gatsby - 3475 Words

1. Introduction Ever since the fall we have not been unable to physically restore our glorious Eden experience, nor could we fix the mistake that Adam started with either good living or hard work. No council could be gathered; no theologian could negotiate his or her way out of our deserving judgment. We were indebted with sin, unable to choose right from wrong. God’s creation was just running around since birth with no clue as to who are or what was if any power was in us. We are like blind sheep aimlessly moving about with no direction, guidance or supervision. But is that the case? Are we helplessly wrapped in flesh and â€Å"totally depraved† as normal human beings? Depraved seems like such a solemn condition for such a sophisticated race of people who have achieved so many great things. Consider the technological advances we have accomplished, such as moving from horse driven wagons to electric powered cars or only communicating via close proximity to communicating via cell phones and email. There was a time when all people lived in tents or makeshift homes, however, now were capable of erecting buildings hundreds of stories in the air. Was God, not apart of this? Did He not use these people? Was He not aware of our abilities before we were conceived? The depraved state of humans would suggest we are in some parts incapable of good. How could one be total depraved, without hope, and still able to do all these things? Nevertheless, some would think that depravity means weShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1271 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Dream Essay By: Mary C. Watts In his novel,The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald attempted to explore the American Dream during a corrupt period of the 20’s. 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As a result, the American Dream slowly becomes less accessible to the lowerRead Moreâ€Å"the Great Gatsby Is a Story of Infatuation and Disenchantment†. How Far and in What Ways Do You Agree with This View of the Great Gatsby and One Other Novel You Have Read.2179 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"The Great Gatsby is a story of infatuation and disen chantment†. How far and in what ways do you agree with this view of The Great Gatsby and one other novel you have read. The Great Gatsby is a novel that, superficially, seems like the tragic story of infatuation and misunderstanding. However, set in 1920s America, it can be read in a number of different ways. This post-war period was a time of economic boom and rapid change in technological advances led to fashionable, more affluent and carefreeRead MoreWomens Rights In The 1920s Essay1018 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920s brought many positive changes that are important to Canadian history. 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Topic 1 Mary Parker Follett Has Been Described by...

Topic 1: Mary Parker Follett has been described by Schermerhorn et al. (2011) as an Administrative Theorist within the Classical approach to management. However, others have seen her as ahead of her time, and have even described her as thoroughly modern (Hurst, 1992).What were Mary Parker Follett s main contributions to management thought and practice; how do they relate to Classical management theory; and how are they relevant to practicing managers in contemporary organisations? ‘Classical approach to management mainly concerned with the increasing the efficiency of workers and organisations based on management practices, which were an outcome of careful observation. Besides, administration principles are based on attempts to†¦show more content†¦In other words power should be jointly developed between management and employees and not employed in a coercive way by management. Power is one of the problems in organisation. Follett said that ‘the question of power was the central problem of social relations’ (Follett, 1930, p.12). She did not think that power can be deputed but she believed in giving employees opportunities to gain his or her own power. Follett was only interested in studying how an organisation will give power while the others had been paid attention to the division of power and how to achieve it. She said: ‘So far as my observation has gone, it seems to me that whereas power usually means power-over, the po wer of some person or group over some other person or group, it is possible to develop the conception of power-with’ (Follett, 1940, p.101). Follett announced that only ‘power-with’ was acceptable. She explained this: â€Å"True power then is ‘power-with’ another, not ‘power-other’ another. Until everyone within an organisation realises that they are bound together, each will see only their own situation. â€Å"Power with† can only come from obedience to a single, shared situation(Dynamic Administration (DA), 1965, p.100). Perhaps this is why managers in the 1970s seemed so powerless to implement their strategies. They had ‘power over’ – but the strategies themselves did not generate ‘power with’.(Mary Parker Follett, 1930) ‘Follett’s writings are probably most relevant to us

The Company Profile Whittaker Sons, Ltd Essay

Company Profile – Start Date - Founded in 1896 Short Description - J.H. Whittaker Sons, Ltd (Whittaker s) is a confectionery manufacturer specializing in chocolate and based in Porirua, New Zealand. Whittaker s is the second-biggest chocolate brand in New Zealand, behind Cadbury. The company controls its entire manufacturing process, calling itself a bean-to-bar manufacturer, to ensure top-quality products. James Henry Whittaker started the business in Christchurch in 1896 and it was later moved to Wellington. Company Overview - James Henry Whittaker got his taste for chocolate when he was just 14 year’s old, working in the British confectionery industry. He arrived in New Zealand in 1890 and began manufacturing confectionery from his home in Christchurch just six years later, selling his chocolate direct to his customers by horse and van. In 1913, Whittaker established a partnership with his two sons, Ronald and James. Thus, J.H. Whittaker Sons was created, with a base in Wellington and a mission to bring the Whittakers fine confectionery to the rest of New Zealand. The business took off, prospering at a steady rate during the war years. In 1931, Woolworths Australia opened stores in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin and we were selected to supply them with a wide range of confectionery. J.H. Whittaker Sons became a limited liability company in 1937, and the Whittakers still own the business: third-generation Whittakers Andrew and Brian are theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Henry Whitakers s A Mini Club Man Essay1625 Words   |  7 Pageschocolate expertise into business and e himself sells it door to door. (And now this was the third generation of Whittaker family leading this business in chocolate world.) In 1896 he moved to wellington to make Australia’s premium chocolate from them he started elaborating his business. 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Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesHow Good Are My Listening Skills? 360 Questions for Review 360 Experiential Exercise An Absence of Nonverbal Communication 361 Ethical Dilemma Pitfalls of E-Mail 361 Case Incident 1 Using Social Media to Your Advantage 362 Case Incident 2 Should Companies That Fire Shoot First? 362 12 Leadership 367 What Is Leadership? 368 Trait Theories 369 Behavioral Theories 370 Summary of Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories 372 Contingency Theories 372 The Fiedler Model 373 †¢ Other Contingency TheoriesRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesUniversity Joanne Duberley Birmingham Business School, The University of Birmingham Phil Johnson The Management School, The University of Sheffield . 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Enclave Tourism Versus Agritourism System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss aout the Enclave Tourism Versus Agritourism System. Answer: Introduction: This plan helps in the strengthening of the tourism sector, helps in the improvement of job and used to develop the working skills in the youth. The positive impact of this program is increase in the social networking which will help in reducing the isolation during the visit in the farm. It also increases the pride of the community through the engagement of the community (Boley et al. 2014). This plan will also help to secure the employment needs of the community in the present and in future. The negative impacts of this plan are reduction in the capacity of businesses in the survival period of the economic loss. This loss also effects on the survival of the community because due to the poor prospects of the work the migration occurs both inside the country and to other countries. The negative standards of the society and the economy will lead to the reduction in the standards of the mental health (Carneiro, Eusbio and Caldeira 2017). The intended consequences of LFSP in development of work in agro-tourism are that the society and the economy are motivated in such a manner which generally focuses on the strength of the existing community which are relevant and had been used practically. As the time passes the local measures are to be supported by the collaboration of the measures of the region; the supplementary income had been improved and the financial support could be achieved by the mobilization of the resources and the networking of the region. The access can be improved for both the socio-economic benefits through participation and the management of the plan can be achieved by the help of the committees that are nominated by the local peoples. There is a development of the sets of new skills by providing practical training and this will help in increasing the prospects of job across the world (Milner et al. 2014). The development of the new skills of the workers will increase the prospects of job among the youth in the agro-tourism industry (e.g. manual labor to business management). For the agriculturists, stress can be alleviated with help amid crest gathering seasons, expanding merchandise creation for more noteworthy accumulating and conveyance. The chance to share the frequently private and disconnecting cultivating way of life can likewise exhibit huge social prizes for people (Hwang and Lee 2015). In the agro tourism industry, both the agrarian item and the farmhouse are the primary parts of the business. Consequently, by enabling an untrained laborer to work in the improvement of the item may prompt different unintended outcomes. These unintended results bargains of the great nature of sustenance, delays in the improvement of the item, increment in the word related wellbeing, increment in the introduction to the allergens of the conditions (e.g. dust), increment in the anxiety administration with the assistance of the volunteers, which the agro tourism income does not adjust with the endeavors that are required for the manageability of program. According to the advocacy toolkit: The issue: The agro tourism can be done in a particular time of the season when the farming is done. Rest of the time the workers those are working in this industry loses their work due to which they become unemployed which leads to the low income of the whole family. This low income leads to the migration of the people in search of finding some job so that their rate of income increases. Now for reducing this unemployment and migration a strategic plan can be developed which will help in maintaining the employment (Park et al. 2014). There are many factors which leads to low income, but the most important factor is unemployment. Unemployment generally creates a shortage of financial stability which gradually leads to low income and eventually towards poverty. The unemployed people and their families will have a low standard of living as compared to the employed people. The answer: After preparing this strategic plan, I will ask a local farm for implementing this plan and have a watch that does this plan is working or not. For making the farm committee to implement this plan, I will describe them that at the time of the season when there is no farming the youth become unemployed at that time you may apply this plan in which you can engage the workers in some different tasks or train them for farming by providing them certain amount of wages (Park et al. 2014). The audience: For implementing the strategy I will choose some of the farm and their committee members to address the strategy plan. The best way to communicate with them is by presentation which will describe them about the plan. Timing: Most of the people are ready to listen because they dont want to be unemployed or leave their home and migrate. Personal cost: The farmers and the wholesalers generally decide the pricing of the tourism. The direct consumer must be charged the full price for the products. The tour guide receives a 10% discount from the farm. The wholesaler receives a 20-20% of discount which will depend upon profit or loss of the agro-tourism (Lane and Kastenholz 2015). Various numbers of assumptions have been made for this proposal, which includes a real interest, wish and need for expanding the tourism. With this strategy the youths will get the capacity for the participation, which increases the number of population in the workers from the community. This strategy will help the farmers to have time for their development and skills; it will provide the interests in the training of the youth and the outcome of the plan will be equal for all of the stakeholders (i.e. farmers, investors and participants) (Naidoo and Pearce 2016). Despite of the given limitations, the LFSP is the appropriate plan for the worker and the farmer in the agro-tourism industry, given that manual labor and outdoor activities are likely to be lifestyle interests for this age group. Further it can be said that, utilization of the existing resources, the strengths and the interests of the community, will help to develop a sustainable model for the promotion of health which will empower the total community through the increase in action, the engagement of a farmer and collaboration with the market and the stakeholders, among the people of different age group and different business sectors (Barcus, H., 2014). References Barcus, H., 2014. Sustainable development or integrated rural tourism? Considering the overlap in rural development strategies.Journal of Rural and Community Development,8(3). Boley, B.B., McGehee, N.G., Perdue, R.R. and Long, P., 2014. Empowerment and resident attitudes toward tourism: Strengthening the theoretical foundation through a Weberian lens.Annals of Tourism Research,49, pp.33-50. Carneiro, M.J., Eusbio, C. and Caldeira, A., 2017. The Influence of Social Contact in Residents Perceptions of the Tourism Impact on Their Quality of Life: A Structural Equation Model.Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism, pp.1-30. Hwang, J. and Lee, S., 2015. The effect of the rural tourism policy on non-farm income in South Korea. Tourism management,46, pp.501-513. Lane, B. and Kastenholz, E., 2015. Rural tourism: the evolution of practice and research approachestowards a new generation concept?.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(8-9), pp.1133-1156. Milner, J.M., Van Beest, F.M., Schmidt, K.T., Brook, R.K. and Storaas, T., 2014. To feed or not to feed? Evidence of the intended and unintended effects of feeding wild ungulates.The Journal of Wildlife Management,78(8), pp.1322-1334. Naidoo, P. and Pearce, P.L., 2016. Enclave tourism versus agritourism: the economic debate.Current Issues in Tourism, pp.1-20. Park, D.B., Doh, K.R. and Kim, K.H., 2014. Successful managerial behaviour for farm-based tourism: A functional approach.Tourism Management,45, pp.201-210.

Motivating and Leading Borders

Question: Write an essay onMotivating and leading across borders: managing teams and diversity. Answer: Motivation is used to describe the process that can trigger an individual so that he or she can still stay focused on the task ahead. In other words, motivation can be used to define the factors that keep an individual interested in going on with a certain project or task. These factors range widely from social, biological to emotional and cognitive forces which affect how an individual acts. There are a number of theories that have been proposed that explains the various aspects of motivation such as Maslows Needs Hierarchy Theory. In a diversified society, there are a lot of leadership skills and coordination is required to keep the people motivated. A diversified team can consist of members from different nationalities. In this case, the leader should be able to deal with each member effectively. The understanding of a cross-cultural society will help the leader to decide on the effective approach to use in leading the organization.Managing teams in an organization involve coordin ating the efforts of all in individuals in an organization so at to achieve the set goals. A well-managed team is always motivated and such the organization will be destined for success. A motivated team will perform better than a demotivated team. However, maintaining a team is also of great concern since if a developed team is not well managed then the team may fall apart and this will have a great impact on the team. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the team leader to understand his or her team and know how well to manage it. An effective leader should understand the capabilities of his team. The leader should also understand his or her leadership skills and correctly execute them for the success of the organization. The leader must be able to understand the diversity that exists in his or her team and coordinates it for better performance.Diversity may be defined as the difference that exists among individuals that are, qualities in a given group of individual that are mis sing in another group. Diversity may be due to different to age, race etc. Diversity has a great impact on an individuals performance, and how she or he will be motivated while interacting with others. The diversity in a team can be of great help to an organization and as such a leader should be able to exploit it. This report, therefore, will discuss some of the management issues and challenges in a cross-cultural environment that are, a diversified environment and how well to motivate people in such an environment so that they may use their capabilities and differences to reach their potential. The report will also describe the meaning of work and describe some of the approaches that can be used to motivate individuals in a given organization. In addition, the report will describe the needs hierarchy; this is one of the theories that are used to describe ways of keeping an individual motivated. It will also discuss leadership in a diversified society. Also, the types of leadership will be discussed. The variance in the culture and how leaders can use such differences for the development of the organization are discussed. In general, the report describes effective leadership in a diversified environment and the challenges associated with managing a diversified society (Mitchell, Boyle, Parker, Giles, Chiang Joyce, 2015) Management Challenges Managing an organization or a team may pose a lot of challenges especially if the leader is dealing with a diversified team. These challenges may range widely depending on qualities that bring about the diversity. The following are some of the challenges associated with managing a diversified organization or society;1. Poor communicationEffective communication is the driving force of any given team. For a team to perform well both the leader and the team members need to have a formal way of how they exchange information amongst themselves. In a diversified team, this is a great challenge especially if the individuals on a team have different cultural background and linguistic differences. Since different cultures have different values and consider some aspects as appropriate and others inappropriate, it may result in communication challenges among the team members. In addition, a team may consist of individuals who have different communicating styles depending on the age, gender, and religion (Kirton, Greene 2015). This may result in misunderstanding and thus misinterpretation of information which will, in turn, affect the performance of a team. In managing a diverse team leaders should be able to encourage the members to adopt a common communication method and appreciate the each others differences.2. HegemonyThis is a case where a certain group in a team or organization is much dominant than others. In an organization that consists of individuals from different cultures, the challenge of majority hegemony may arise due to the dominance of a given group over another. In such a case a company may tend to develop a business culture that favors the majority group over the minority group. This can discourage the minority group resulting into underperformance of the team. Alternatively, the less dominant group may join the dominant group to feel as part of the company. It is, therefore, important for the team leader to understand the differences that exist in his or her team and try to have them work together without making a particular group or individual feel as an outsider.3. ResistanceA given team may consist of individuals who are not ready to accept the diversity that the team has. Such individuals may not be ready to cope with the existing diversity plan in a team and therefore, its implementation may be a challenge. With such attitudes in a team, some individual become demoralized and demotivated leading to a decrease in the performance of the team. Leaders should be able to motivate their team members so as to overcome this resistance and improve the performance of the team (Siegel 2015).4. GroupthinkThis refers to a decision that has been generally arrived at by a majority of people. Groupthink is normally used by team members as a means of simplifying meetings and minimizes arguments in an organization. This would in effect lead to assimilation of other individuals perspectives and thus, the teams potential might not be fully expl oited. A leader should devise an effective strategy that will allow all the team members to share their perspectives without being forced to assimilate their thinking with that of the groupthink.Meaning of WorkThe advancement of technology has led to a different perspective of work. Work can be defined based on the following three aspects; the significance of work, the work values, and the work coherence (Shek Chung 2015).The significance of work describes the attributes that an individual attaches to his or her work and how he or she represents it. It also explains the importance of work to ones life.Work values describe the commitment that one has towards life and the aspects that guide one in his or her work. There are generally five major aspects including; autonomy, self-achievement, risk-taking, social interactions, and social advancement.Work coherence defines the balance that exists between ones work and him. The Needs HierarchyFor a team to perform efficiently, the members need to be motivated. There are a lot of techniques used by leaders to keep their team members motivated so that they may work effectively to achieve a companys objectives. The needs theories explain some of the internal factors that may motivate an individual to act in a given way. Needs may be defined as shortages in certain aspects of an individuals life and these will always influence the behavior of that particular individual.One of the most common needs theory is, Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs theory which states that ones motivation is as a result of an attempt to satisfy the five basic needs that include; self-actualization, physiological, esteem, social, and safety.In the international context, leaders should consider the above five needs so that every employee stays motivated to perform according to his or her potential. This will include;Physiological needs; this describes the basic needs necessary for survival. Employees should be provided with good working conditi ons. The conditions need to be favorable for everyone and not just a selected few.Safety needs; the leader should be able to guarantee the team members security for their finances, health etc. without showing favoritism.Social needs; managing a team consisting of individuals from different nationalities will involve developing effective means that will encourage interaction and collaboration among employees (Drucker 2007).Thus, it is necessary for a leader to consider the above needs among others while managing a diversified team.Motivation of PeopleMotivation is a word that originates from the noun motive, a motive is referred to as that aspect or thing that prompts an individual to act in a certain way (Wood 1991).Motivation refers to a persons direction to behavior or an aspect or factor that may make an individual have the want to repeat some behavior. The motivation of people is however associated with some advantages and disadvantages. These may include;Advantages Interest and Responsibility When employees are always motivated by their employers, the interest level and the zeal to work for that company tends to be so much increased. Assets Employ motivation plays an important part on the behavior employees behavior. It is easier, therefore, to convince an employee who is continuously motivated to always remain working in your organization. In this way, an employ may become an asset of a company. Efficiency In an organization where the employees are continuously motivated, the organization of such company tends to be a working one. Disadvantages Lack of interest - A company may at times award a group of employees as a sign of motivation, the group that is not motivated may, therefore, lack interest in the organization. Lack of co-operation group of employees who are not motivated in a company will always tend to lose hope and trust in the company and thus, fail to co-operate with other employees. Tension Strike, demos, rumors etc from a group of empl oyees who are not motivated may always cause chaos, tension or disruption at the business premises. Motivation is divided into two types. The following are the two types of motivation;1. Intrinsic MotivationThis involves the desire of oneself to seek out new things or technologies and technical challenges to make a self-evaluation on an individuals ability to make observations and acquire knowledge. For instance, an employ may opt to be an IT professional so as to learn more about computers. The employee is thus, said to have intrinsic motivation to acquire more understanding and knowledge (Lussier Achua 2015).2. Extrinsic MotivationHere, the performance of an individual is based on the outcome that they desire to achieve. For instance, when the crowd is cheering for a team to win a match on which some trophy is tagged. LeadershipLeadership is the acts of making somebody do a task you want to be done because he is willing to do it (Dwight D. Eisenhower).Leadership can also be defin ed as an act whereby a person gets other people to achieve a set goal or objective and drives these people in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. An effective leader should always portray the following attributes; Should be able to make a vision that is inspirational on the future. Should motivate people and inspire the people to engage with the vision Should be able to manage the delivery of the vision Should train and build a team that will be helpful in achieving the vision.Factors of LeadershipThere are four major factors of leadership. These factors may include; Situation Leader Communication Follower1. FollowerA leader must now his people. Followers require the attention of different levels. A more experienced worker will require more supervision as compared to a less experienced worker. Likewise, an employee with a higher degree of motivation will tend to have more understanding of the company than the one who not motivated.2. CommunicationFor an effective leader ship, there has to be a two-way communication between the leader and his followers.Whatever the communication and how the communication is made by a leader towards the followers will either build or harm the relationship between them. For instance, in a company, when the leaders communicate positively about the remuneration of the employees, the employees would react positively and this would directly build on their relationship (Prochaska, Sampayo Carter 2015).3. SituationSituations that may meet people are totally different. How you handle one situation will totally be different from how you will be handling another. It is, therefore, advisable that ones judgment and the leadership style will make him/her decide on the best course of action. 4. LeaderA leader must have a true understanding of whom they are, their knowledge, and what they can actually, manage to do. The followers are always the determinants of a good leader; they will only be inspired if they have trust and confid ence in their leader. To be successful, a leader needs to convince the followers, not himself or his superiors, that he is actually, worthy to be followed.Cross-Cultural Research on LeadershipLeadership is an aspect applicable everywhere in everyday life. Leadership is applicable institutions, entities, states and all over the world.Leadership NatureLeadership can be referred to as both a process and a property. As a process, leadership usually hails on what is basically done by the authorities. As a property, leadership refers to set of characteristics of the individuals who are perceived to be leaders. The different natures can be as follows; Leaders should be very much influential to their followers behavior. They can influence the employees to either work recklessly or do good work for the company. A good leader should, therefore, empower and motivate hi/her followers to positively influence their behavior (Wrzesniewski, Dutton Debebe 2003). Leadership is much concerned with va lues. Leaders can be good teachers of ethics and thus, they can reinforce ideas. Leaders should therefore not be hypocritical but should portray positive statements of ethics. This will influence the behavior of the followers.Types of LeadershipThere are quite a number of leadership styles/types. Some of these types are explained below;1. Situational LeadershipThis leadership style is based on the situation of the followers as well as the situation of the economy. Situational leadership model majorly focuses on the nature of the task as the major variable. There are four options in the practice of this model; telling, selling, participating and delegating (Hershey and Blanchards Model of Situational Leadership).2. The Autocratic Style of LeadershipIn this leadership style, it operates on control and ones perception of how much control should be given to others. For instance, the kind of leadership in firms where there are the Chief Executive Officers.3. Bureaucratic Leadership Style This is more of similar to the autocratic style of leadership. The two types of leadership styles go together like the car and fuel. Bureaucratic style of leadership has to do with obedience to authority (Murphy Johnson 2016).4. Cross-Cultural Style of Leadership This style of leadership is basically based on the culture of the followers that a lead is having authority over.5. Strategic LeadershipThis style of leadership is more operational among the military services such as the United States Army, US Air Force, and large corporations. This leadership aims to outwit this competition through strategized methods of accomplishing this (Deci Ryan 1975).Contingency LeadershipContingency theory of leadership postulates that for leadership to be effective, the leaders style of leadership and strategies must match the right situations. Contingency Leadership tends to define a number of factors. These factors may include; The structure of the task This refers to the measure of task that has been levied and the methods to achieve the desired results. Positional Power This refers to the authority that a leader has to influence how productive the followers can be. The leader should be in a position to either reward or punish the followers. Relationsh ip The relationship that exists between the leader and his followers should be a good one to enhance the productivity of the economy. Conclusion Some aspects have been covered in this study and each of them has been given the best attention. Some of the conclusions from the above discussion include; It is evident that the best leadership solely depends on the relationship between the leader and his followers. The followers will support the leader if he actually delivers to the expectation of the followers. The leaders, therefore, need to build trust and confidence among their followers in an organization. Good leadership has basic four elements that must be understood in order to lead efficiently. It comprises the leader, followers, situations, and communication. All these four must be properly in good rapport to enhance efficiency in leadership. Therefore, situation and how it is handled will depend much on the factors that are surrounding the organization or the person in such a situation. Motivation is an aspect that can positively influence the behaviors of the employees. Leaders, therefore, should regularly motivate the employees so that they can maintain the zeal of giving their best to the company. Management is often associated with a number of challenges. These challenges, however, may be dealt with by setting up strategies such as motivating the employees and always understanding their situations and the situation of the economy. The employees who are continuous motivation are more productive and more quality oriented. This will mean the working environment will be very much favorable. Leadership to depend much on your followers. The number that follows a leader can actually, suggest if actually the leader is hated or loved by the individuals he/she is leading. People tend to follow those leaders who seem to accomplish their set goals and objectives. A leader who is delivering according to the peoples expectation will consequently, have a huge number of followers. Leadership requires physical and psychological fitness. A leader must have the strength, power and ability to meet the bodily requi rements; zeal, energy and patience to meet the mental requirements for leadership. 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